com.google.common.util.concurrent

Interface ListenableFuture<V>

All Superinterfaces:

Future<V>

All Known Subinterfaces:

CheckedFuture<V,X>, ListenableScheduledFuture<V>

All Known Implementing Classes:

AbstractCheckedFuture, AbstractFuture, FluentFuture, ForwardingCheckedFuture, ForwardingCheckedFuture.SimpleForwardingCheckedFuture, ForwardingListenableFuture, ForwardingListenableFuture.SimpleForwardingListenableFuture, ListenableFutureTask, SettableFuture

@GwtCompatible
public interface ListenableFuture<V>
extends Future<V>

A Future that accepts completion listeners. Each listener has an associated executor, and it is invoked using this executor once the future's computation is complete. If the computation has already completed when the listener is added, the listener will execute immediately.

See the Guava User Guide article on ListenableFuture.

Purpose

The main purpose of ListenableFuture is to help you chain together a graph of asynchronous operations. You can chain them together manually with calls to methods like Futures.transform, but you will often find it easier to use a framework. Frameworks automate the process, often adding features like monitoring, debugging, and cancellation. Examples of frameworks include:

• Dagger Producers

The main purpose of addListener is to support this chaining. You will rarely use it directly, in part because it does not provide direct access to the Future result. (If you want such access, you may prefer Futures.addCallback.) Still, direct addListener calls are occasionally useful:

   
   final String name = ...;
   inFlight.add(name);
   ListenableFuture<Result> future = service.query(name);
   future.addListener(new Runnable() {
     public void run() {
       processedCount.incrementAndGet();
       inFlight.remove(name);
       lastProcessed.set(name);
       logger.info("Done with {0}", name);
     }
   }, executor);

How to get an instance

We encourage you to return ListenableFuture from your methods so that your users can take advantage of the utilities built atop the class. The way that you will create ListenableFuture instances depends on how you currently create Future instances:

• If you receive them from an java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService, convert that service to a ListeningExecutorService, usually by calling MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator.
• If you manually call FutureTask.set(V) or a similar method, create a SettableFuture instead. (If your needs are more complex, you may prefer AbstractFuture.)

Test doubles: If you need a ListenableFuture for your test, try a SettableFuture or one of the methods in the Futures.immediate* family. Avoid creating a mock or stub Future. Mock and stub implementations are fragile because they assume that only certain methods will be called and because they often implement subtleties of the API improperly.

Custom implementation: Avoid implementing ListenableFuture from scratch. If you can't get by with the standard implementations, prefer to derive a new Future instance with the methods in Futures or, if necessary, to extend AbstractFuture.

Occasionally, an API will return a plain Future and it will be impossible to change the return type. For this case, we provide a more expensive workaround in JdkFutureAdapters. However, when possible, it is more efficient and reliable to create a ListenableFuture directly.

Since:

1.0

Author:

Sven Mawson, Nishant Thakkar

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	addListener(Runnable listener, Executor executor) Registers a listener to be run on the given executor.

Methods inherited from interface java.util.concurrent.Future

cancel, get, get, isCancelled, isDone

Method Detail

addListener

void addListener(Runnable listener,
                 Executor executor)

Registers a listener to be run on the given executor. The listener will run when the Future's computation is complete or, if the computation is already complete, immediately.

There is no guaranteed ordering of execution of listeners, but any listener added through this method is guaranteed to be called once the computation is complete.

Exceptions thrown by a listener will be propagated up to the executor. Any exception thrown during Executor.execute (e.g., a RejectedExecutionException or an exception thrown by direct execution) will be caught and logged.

Note: For fast, lightweight listeners that would be safe to execute in any thread, consider MoreExecutors.directExecutor(). Otherwise, avoid it. Heavyweight directExecutor listeners can cause problems, and these problems can be difficult to reproduce because they depend on timing. For example:

• The listener may be executed by the caller of addListener. That caller may be a UI thread or other latency-sensitive thread. This can harm UI responsiveness.
• The listener may be executed by the thread that completes this Future. That thread may be an internal system thread such as an RPC network thread. Blocking that thread may stall progress of the whole system. It may even cause a deadlock.
• The listener may delay other listeners, even listeners that are not themselves directExecutor listeners.

This is the most general listener interface. For common operations performed using listeners, see Futures. For a simplified but general listener interface, see addCallback().

Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to adding a listener happen-before its execution begins, perhaps in another thread.

Parameters:

listener - the listener to run when the computation is complete

executor - the executor to run the listener in

Throws:

RejectedExecutionException - if we tried to execute the listener immediately but the executor rejected it.