Package com.google.common.primitives

Class Chars

  • @GwtCompatible(emulated=true)
public final class Chars
extends Object
    Static utility methods pertaining to char primitives, that are not already found in either Character or Arrays.

    All the operations in this class treat char values strictly numerically; they are neither Unicode-aware nor locale-dependent.

    See the Guava User Guide article on primitive utilities.

    Since:
    1.0
    Author:
    Kevin Bourrillion

    • Field Summary

      Fields 
      Modifier and Type Field Description
      static int BYTES
      The number of bytes required to represent a primitive char value.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      static List<Character> asList​(char... backingArray)
      Returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array, similar to Arrays.asList(Object[]).
      static char checkedCast​(long value)
      Returns the char value that is equal to value, if possible.
      static int compare​(char a, char b)
      Compares the two specified char values.
      static char[] concat​(char[]... arrays)
      Returns the values from each provided array combined into a single array.
      static char constrainToRange​(char value, char min, char max)
      Returns the value nearest to value which is within the closed range [min..max].
      static boolean contains​(char[] array, char target)
      Returns true if target is present as an element anywhere in array.
      static char[] ensureCapacity​(char[] array, int minLength, int padding)
      Returns an array containing the same values as array, but guaranteed to be of a specified minimum length.
      static char fromByteArray​(byte[] bytes)
      Returns the char value whose big-endian representation is stored in the first 2 bytes of bytes; equivalent to ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes).getChar().
      static char fromBytes​(byte b1, byte b2)
      Returns the char value whose byte representation is the given 2 bytes, in big-endian order; equivalent to Chars.fromByteArray(new byte[] {b1, b2}).
      static int hashCode​(char value)
      Returns a hash code for value; equal to the result of invoking ((Character) value).hashCode().
      static int indexOf​(char[] array, char target)
      Returns the index of the first appearance of the value target in array.
      static int indexOf​(char[] array, char[] target)
      Returns the start position of the first occurrence of the specified target within array, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.
      static String join​(String separator, char... array)
      Returns a string containing the supplied char values separated by separator.
      static int lastIndexOf​(char[] array, char target)
      Returns the index of the last appearance of the value target in array.
      static Comparator<char[]> lexicographicalComparator()
      Returns a comparator that compares two char arrays lexicographically; not advisable for sorting user-visible strings as the ordering may not match the conventions of the user's locale.
      static char max​(char... array)
      Returns the greatest value present in array.
      static char min​(char... array)
      Returns the least value present in array.
      static void reverse​(char[] array)
      Reverses the elements of array.
      static void reverse​(char[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
      Reverses the elements of array between fromIndex inclusive and toIndex exclusive.
      static void rotate​(char[] array, int distance)
      Performs a right rotation of array of "distance" places, so that the first element is moved to index "distance", and the element at index i ends up at index (distance + i) mod array.length.
      static void rotate​(char[] array, int distance, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
      Performs a right rotation of array between fromIndex inclusive and toIndex exclusive.
      static char saturatedCast​(long value)
      Returns the char nearest in value to value.
      static void sortDescending​(char[] array)
      Sorts the elements of array in descending order.
      static void sortDescending​(char[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
      Sorts the elements of array between fromIndex inclusive and toIndex exclusive in descending order.
      static char[] toArray​(Collection<Character> collection)
      Copies a collection of Character instances into a new array of primitive char values.
      static byte[] toByteArray​(char value)
      Returns a big-endian representation of value in a 2-element byte array; equivalent to ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putChar(value).array().

    • Method Detail

      • hashCode

        public static int hashCode​(char value)
        Returns a hash code for value; equal to the result of invoking ((Character) value).hashCode().

        Java 8+ users: use Character.hashCode(char) instead.

        Parameters:
        value - a primitive char value
        Returns:
        a hash code for the value

      • saturatedCast

        public static char saturatedCast​(long value)
        Returns the char nearest in value to value.
        Parameters:
        value - any long value
        Returns:
        the same value cast to char if it is in the range of the char type, Character.MAX_VALUE if it is too large, or Character.MIN_VALUE if it is too small

      • compare

        @InlineMe(replacement="Character.compare(a, b)")
public static int compare​(char a,
                          char b)
        Compares the two specified char values. The sign of the value returned is the same as that of ((Character) a).compareTo(b).

        Note: this method is now unnecessary and should be treated as deprecated; use the equivalent Character.compare(char, char) method instead.

        Parameters:
        a - the first char to compare
        b - the second char to compare
        Returns:
        a negative value if a is less than b; a positive value if a is greater than b; or zero if they are equal

      • contains

        public static boolean contains​(char[] array,
                               char target)
        Returns true if target is present as an element anywhere in array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array of char values, possibly empty
        target - a primitive char value
        Returns:
        true if array[i] == target for some value of i

      • indexOf

        public static int indexOf​(char[] array,
                          char target)
        Returns the index of the first appearance of the value target in array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array of char values, possibly empty
        target - a primitive char value
        Returns:
        the least index i for which array[i] == target, or -1 if no such index exists.

      • indexOf

        public static int indexOf​(char[] array,
                          char[] target)
        Returns the start position of the first occurrence of the specified target within array, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.

        More formally, returns the lowest index i such that Arrays.copyOfRange(array, i, i + target.length) contains exactly the same elements as target.

        Parameters:
        array - the array to search for the sequence target
        target - the array to search for as a sub-sequence of array

      • lastIndexOf

        public static int lastIndexOf​(char[] array,
                              char target)
        Returns the index of the last appearance of the value target in array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array of char values, possibly empty
        target - a primitive char value
        Returns:
        the greatest index i for which array[i] == target, or -1 if no such index exists.

      • min

        public static char min​(char... array)
        Returns the least value present in array.
        Parameters:
        array - a nonempty array of char values
        Returns:
        the value present in array that is less than or equal to every other value in the array
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if array is empty

      • max

        public static char max​(char... array)
        Returns the greatest value present in array.
        Parameters:
        array - a nonempty array of char values
        Returns:
        the value present in array that is greater than or equal to every other value in the array
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if array is empty

      • constrainToRange

        public static char constrainToRange​(char value,
                                    char min,
                                    char max)
        Returns the value nearest to value which is within the closed range [min..max].

        If value is within the range [min..max], value is returned unchanged. If value is less than min, min is returned, and if value is greater than max, max is returned.

        Parameters:
        value - the char value to constrain
        min - the lower bound (inclusive) of the range to constrain value to
        max - the upper bound (inclusive) of the range to constrain value to
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if min > max
        Since:
        21.0

      • concat

        public static char[] concat​(char[]... arrays)
        Returns the values from each provided array combined into a single array. For example, concat(new char[] {a, b}, new char[] {}, new char[] {c} returns the array {a, b, c}.
        Parameters:
        arrays - zero or more char arrays
        Returns:
        a single array containing all the values from the source arrays, in order
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if the total number of elements in arrays does not fit in an int

      • toByteArray

        @GwtIncompatible
public static byte[] toByteArray​(char value)
        Returns a big-endian representation of value in a 2-element byte array; equivalent to ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putChar(value).array(). For example, the input value '\\u5432' would yield the byte array {0x54, 0x32}.

        If you need to convert and concatenate several values (possibly even of different types), use a shared ByteBuffer instance, or use ByteStreams.newDataOutput() to get a growable buffer.

      • fromByteArray

        @GwtIncompatible
public static char fromByteArray​(byte[] bytes)
        Returns the char value whose big-endian representation is stored in the first 2 bytes of bytes; equivalent to ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes).getChar(). For example, the input byte array {0x54, 0x32} would yield the char value '\\u5432'.

        Arguably, it's preferable to use ByteBuffer; that library exposes much more flexibility at little cost in readability.

        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if bytes has fewer than 2 elements

      • fromBytes

        @GwtIncompatible
public static char fromBytes​(byte b1,
                             byte b2)
        Returns the char value whose byte representation is the given 2 bytes, in big-endian order; equivalent to Chars.fromByteArray(new byte[] {b1, b2}).
        Since:
        7.0

      • ensureCapacity

        public static char[] ensureCapacity​(char[] array,
                                    int minLength,
                                    int padding)
        Returns an array containing the same values as array, but guaranteed to be of a specified minimum length. If array already has a length of at least minLength, it is returned directly. Otherwise, a new array of size minLength + padding is returned, containing the values of array, and zeroes in the remaining places.
        Parameters:
        array - the source array
        minLength - the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
        padding - an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary
        Returns:
        an array containing the values of array, with guaranteed minimum length minLength
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if minLength or padding is negative

      • join

        public static String join​(String separator,
                          char... array)
        Returns a string containing the supplied char values separated by separator. For example, join("-", '1', '2', '3') returns the string "1-2-3".
        Parameters:
        separator - the text that should appear between consecutive values in the resulting string (but not at the start or end)
        array - an array of char values, possibly empty

      • lexicographicalComparator

        public static Comparator<char[]> lexicographicalComparator()
        Returns a comparator that compares two char arrays lexicographically; not advisable for sorting user-visible strings as the ordering may not match the conventions of the user's locale. That is, it compares, using compare(char, char)), the first pair of values that follow any common prefix, or when one array is a prefix of the other, treats the shorter array as the lesser. For example, [] < ['a'] < ['a', 'b'] < ['b'].

        The returned comparator is inconsistent with Object.equals(Object) (since arrays support only identity equality), but it is consistent with Arrays.equals(char[], char[]).

        Since:
        2.0

      • toArray

        public static char[] toArray​(Collection<Character> collection)
        Copies a collection of Character instances into a new array of primitive char values.

        Elements are copied from the argument collection as if by collection.toArray(). Calling this method is as thread-safe as calling that method.

        Parameters:
        collection - a collection of Character objects
        Returns:
        an array containing the same values as collection, in the same order, converted to primitives
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if collection or any of its elements is null

      • sortDescending

        public static void sortDescending​(char[] array)
        Sorts the elements of array in descending order.
        Since:
        23.1

      • sortDescending

        public static void sortDescending​(char[] array,
                                  int fromIndex,
                                  int toIndex)
        Sorts the elements of array between fromIndex inclusive and toIndex exclusive in descending order.
        Since:
        23.1

      • reverse

        public static void reverse​(char[] array)
        Reverses the elements of array. This is equivalent to Collections.reverse(Chars.asList(array)), but is likely to be more efficient.
        Since:
        23.1

      • reverse

        public static void reverse​(char[] array,
                           int fromIndex,
                           int toIndex)
        Reverses the elements of array between fromIndex inclusive and toIndex exclusive. This is equivalent to Collections.reverse(Chars.asList(array).subList(fromIndex, toIndex)), but is likely to be more efficient.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0, toIndex > array.length, or toIndex > fromIndex
        Since:
        23.1

      • rotate

        public static void rotate​(char[] array,
                          int distance)
        Performs a right rotation of array of "distance" places, so that the first element is moved to index "distance", and the element at index i ends up at index (distance + i) mod array.length. This is equivalent to Collections.rotate(Chars.asList(array), distance), but is considerably faster and avoids allocation and garbage collection.

        The provided "distance" may be negative, which will rotate left.

        Since:
        32.0.0

      • rotate

        public static void rotate​(char[] array,
                          int distance,
                          int fromIndex,
                          int toIndex)
        Performs a right rotation of array between fromIndex inclusive and toIndex exclusive. This is equivalent to Collections.rotate(Chars.asList(array).subList(fromIndex, toIndex), distance), but is considerably faster and avoids allocations and garbage collection.

        The provided "distance" may be negative, which will rotate left.

        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if fromIndex < 0, toIndex > array.length, or toIndex > fromIndex
        Since:
        32.0.0

      • asList

        public static List<Character> asList​(char... backingArray)
        Returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array, similar to Arrays.asList(Object[]). The list supports List.set(int, Object), but any attempt to set a value to null will result in a NullPointerException.

        The returned list maintains the values, but not the identities, of Character objects written to or read from it. For example, whether list.get(0) == list.get(0) is true for the returned list is unspecified.

        The returned list is serializable.

        Parameters:
        backingArray - the array to back the list
        Returns:
        a list view of the array