com.google.common.collect

Class Iterators

java.lang.Object

com.google.common.collect.Iterators

@GwtCompatible(emulated=true)
public final class Iterators
extends Object

This class contains static utility methods that operate on or return objects of type Iterator. Except as noted, each method has a corresponding Iterable-based method in the Iterables class.

Performance notes: Unless otherwise noted, all of the iterators produced in this class are lazy, which means that they only advance the backing iteration when absolutely necessary.

See the Guava User Guide section on Iterators.

Since:

2.0

Author:

Kevin Bourrillion, Jared Levy

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
static <T> boolean	addAll(Collection<T> addTo, Iterator<? extends T> iterator) Adds all elements in iterator to collection.
static int	advance(Iterator<?> iterator, int numberToAdvance) Calls next() on iterator, either numberToAdvance times or until hasNext() returns false, whichever comes first.
static <T> boolean	all(Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) Returns true if every element returned by iterator satisfies the given predicate.
static <T> boolean	any(Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) Returns true if one or more elements returned by iterator satisfy the given predicate.
static <T> Enumeration<T>	asEnumeration(Iterator<T> iterator) Adapts an Iterator to the Enumeration interface.
static <T> Iterator<T>	concat(Iterator<? extends Iterator<? extends T>> inputs) Combines multiple iterators into a single iterator.
static <T> Iterator<T>	concat(Iterator<? extends T>... inputs) Combines multiple iterators into a single iterator.
static <T> Iterator<T>	concat(Iterator<? extends T> a, Iterator<? extends T> b) Combines two iterators into a single iterator.
static <T> Iterator<T>	concat(Iterator<? extends T> a, Iterator<? extends T> b, Iterator<? extends T> c) Combines three iterators into a single iterator.
static <T> Iterator<T>	concat(Iterator<? extends T> a, Iterator<? extends T> b, Iterator<? extends T> c, Iterator<? extends T> d) Combines four iterators into a single iterator.
static <T> Iterator<T>	consumingIterator(Iterator<T> iterator) Returns a view of the supplied iterator that removes each element from the supplied iterator as it is returned.
static boolean	contains(Iterator<?> iterator, Object element) Returns true if iterator contains element.
static <T> Iterator<T>	cycle(Iterable<T> iterable) Returns an iterator that cycles indefinitely over the elements of iterable.
static <T> Iterator<T>	cycle(T... elements) Returns an iterator that cycles indefinitely over the provided elements.
static boolean	elementsEqual(Iterator<?> iterator1, Iterator<?> iterator2) Determines whether two iterators contain equal elements in the same order.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	filter(Iterator<?> unfiltered, Class<T> desiredType) Returns a view of unfiltered containing all elements that are of the type desiredType.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	filter(Iterator<T> unfiltered, Predicate<? super T> retainIfTrue) Returns a view of unfiltered containing all elements that satisfy the input predicate retainIfTrue.
static <T> T	find(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate, T defaultValue) Returns the first element in iterator that satisfies the given predicate.
static <T> T	find(Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) Returns the first element in iterator that satisfies the given predicate; use this method only when such an element is known to exist.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	forArray(T... array) Returns an iterator containing the elements of array in order.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	forEnumeration(Enumeration<T> enumeration) Adapts an Enumeration to the Iterator interface.
static int	frequency(Iterator<?> iterator, Object element) Returns the number of elements in the specified iterator that equal the specified object.
static <T> T	get(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, int position, T defaultValue) Advances iterator position + 1 times, returning the element at the positionth position or defaultValue otherwise.
static <T> T	get(Iterator<T> iterator, int position) Advances iterator position + 1 times, returning the element at the positionth position.
static <T> T	getLast(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, T defaultValue) Advances iterator to the end, returning the last element or defaultValue if the iterator is empty.
static <T> T	getLast(Iterator<T> iterator) Advances iterator to the end, returning the last element.
static <T> T	getNext(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, T defaultValue) Returns the next element in iterator or defaultValue if the iterator is empty.
static <T> T	getOnlyElement(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, T defaultValue) Returns the single element contained in iterator, or defaultValue if the iterator is empty.
static <T> T	getOnlyElement(Iterator<T> iterator) Returns the single element contained in iterator.
static <T> int	indexOf(Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) Returns the index in iterator of the first element that satisfies the provided predicate, or -1 if the Iterator has no such elements.
static <T> Iterator<T>	limit(Iterator<T> iterator, int limitSize) Returns a view containing the first limitSize elements of iterator.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	mergeSorted(Iterable<? extends Iterator<? extends T>> iterators, Comparator<? super T> comparator) Returns an iterator over the merged contents of all given iterators, traversing every element of the input iterators.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>>	paddedPartition(Iterator<T> iterator, int size) Divides an iterator into unmodifiable sublists of the given size, padding the final iterator with null values if necessary.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>>	partition(Iterator<T> iterator, int size) Divides an iterator into unmodifiable sublists of the given size (the final list may be smaller).
static <T> PeekingIterator<T>	peekingIterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator) Returns a PeekingIterator backed by the given iterator.
static <T> PeekingIterator<T>	peekingIterator(PeekingIterator<T> iterator) Deprecated. no need to use this
static boolean	removeAll(Iterator<?> removeFrom, Collection<?> elementsToRemove) Traverses an iterator and removes every element that belongs to the provided collection.
static <T> boolean	removeIf(Iterator<T> removeFrom, Predicate<? super T> predicate) Removes every element that satisfies the provided predicate from the iterator.
static boolean	retainAll(Iterator<?> removeFrom, Collection<?> elementsToRetain) Traverses an iterator and removes every element that does not belong to the provided collection.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	singletonIterator(T value) Returns an iterator containing only value.
static int	size(Iterator<?> iterator) Returns the number of elements remaining in iterator.
static <T> T[]	toArray(Iterator<? extends T> iterator, Class<T> type) Copies an iterator's elements into an array.
static String	toString(Iterator<?> iterator) Returns a string representation of iterator, with the format [e1, e2, ..., en].
static <F,T> Iterator<T>	transform(Iterator<F> fromIterator, Function<? super F,? extends T> function) Returns a view containing the result of applying function to each element of fromIterator.
static <T> Optional<T>	tryFind(Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) Returns an Optional containing the first element in iterator that satisfies the given predicate, if such an element exists.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	unmodifiableIterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator) Returns an unmodifiable view of iterator.
static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T>	unmodifiableIterator(UnmodifiableIterator<T> iterator) Deprecated. no need to use this

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Detail

unmodifiableIterator

public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> unmodifiableIterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator)

Returns an unmodifiable view of iterator.

unmodifiableIterator

@Deprecated
public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> unmodifiableIterator(UnmodifiableIterator<T> iterator)

Deprecated. no need to use this

Simply returns its argument.

Since:

10.0

size

public static int size(Iterator<?> iterator)

Returns the number of elements remaining in iterator. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

contains

public static boolean contains(Iterator<?> iterator,
                               @NullableDecl
                               Object element)

Returns true if iterator contains element.

removeAll

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
public static boolean removeAll(Iterator<?> removeFrom,
                                                      Collection<?> elementsToRemove)

Traverses an iterator and removes every element that belongs to the provided collection. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

Parameters:

removeFrom - the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from

elementsToRemove - the elements to remove

Returns:

true if any element was removed from iterator

removeIf

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
public static <T> boolean removeIf(Iterator<T> removeFrom,
                                                         Predicate<? super T> predicate)

Removes every element that satisfies the provided predicate from the iterator. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

Parameters:

removeFrom - the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from

predicate - a predicate that determines whether an element should be removed

Returns:

true if any elements were removed from the iterator

Since:

2.0

retainAll

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
public static boolean retainAll(Iterator<?> removeFrom,
                                                      Collection<?> elementsToRetain)

Traverses an iterator and removes every element that does not belong to the provided collection. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

Parameters:

removeFrom - the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from

elementsToRetain - the elements to retain

Returns:

true if any element was removed from iterator

elementsEqual

public static boolean elementsEqual(Iterator<?> iterator1,
                                    Iterator<?> iterator2)

Determines whether two iterators contain equal elements in the same order. More specifically, this method returns true if iterator1 and iterator2 contain the same number of elements and every element of iterator1 is equal to the corresponding element of iterator2.

Note that this will modify the supplied iterators, since they will have been advanced some number of elements forward.

toString

public static String toString(Iterator<?> iterator)

Returns a string representation of iterator, with the format [e1, e2, ..., en]. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

getOnlyElement

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
public static <T> T getOnlyElement(Iterator<T> iterator)

Returns the single element contained in iterator.

Throws:

NoSuchElementException - if the iterator is empty

IllegalArgumentException - if the iterator contains multiple elements. The state of the iterator is unspecified.

getOnlyElement

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
 @NullableDecl
public static <T> T getOnlyElement(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
                                                                        @NullableDecl
                                                                        T defaultValue)

Returns the single element contained in iterator, or defaultValue if the iterator is empty.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the iterator contains multiple elements. The state of the iterator is unspecified.

toArray

@GwtIncompatible
public static <T> T[] toArray(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
                                               Class<T> type)

Copies an iterator's elements into an array. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

Parameters:

iterator - the iterator to copy

type - the type of the elements

Returns:

a newly-allocated array into which all the elements of the iterator have been copied

addAll

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
public static <T> boolean addAll(Collection<T> addTo,
                                                       Iterator<? extends T> iterator)

Adds all elements in iterator to collection. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

Returns:

true if collection was modified as a result of this operation

frequency

public static int frequency(Iterator<?> iterator,
                            @NullableDecl
                            Object element)

Returns the number of elements in the specified iterator that equal the specified object. The iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

See Also:

Collections.frequency(java.util.Collection<?>, java.lang.Object)

cycle

public static <T> Iterator<T> cycle(Iterable<T> iterable)

Returns an iterator that cycles indefinitely over the elements of iterable.

The returned iterator supports remove() if the provided iterator does. After remove() is called, subsequent cycles omit the removed element, which is no longer in iterable. The iterator's hasNext() method returns true until iterable is empty.

Warning: Typical uses of the resulting iterator may produce an infinite loop. You should use an explicit break or be certain that you will eventually remove all the elements.

cycle

@SafeVarargs
public static <T> Iterator<T> cycle(T... elements)

Returns an iterator that cycles indefinitely over the provided elements.

The returned iterator supports remove(). After remove() is called, subsequent cycles omit the removed element, but elements does not change. The iterator's hasNext() method returns true until all of the original elements have been removed.

Warning: Typical uses of the resulting iterator may produce an infinite loop. You should use an explicit break or be certain that you will eventually remove all the elements.

concat

public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T> a,
                                     Iterator<? extends T> b)

Combines two iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the elements in a, followed by the elements in b. The source iterators are not polled until necessary.

The returned iterator supports remove() when the corresponding input iterator supports it.

concat

public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T> a,
                                     Iterator<? extends T> b,
                                     Iterator<? extends T> c)

Combines three iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the elements in a, followed by the elements in b, followed by the elements in c. The source iterators are not polled until necessary.

The returned iterator supports remove() when the corresponding input iterator supports it.

concat

public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T> a,
                                     Iterator<? extends T> b,
                                     Iterator<? extends T> c,
                                     Iterator<? extends T> d)

Combines four iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the elements in a, followed by the elements in b, followed by the elements in c, followed by the elements in d. The source iterators are not polled until necessary.

The returned iterator supports remove() when the corresponding input iterator supports it.

concat

public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T>... inputs)

Combines multiple iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the elements of each iterator in inputs. The input iterators are not polled until necessary.

The returned iterator supports remove() when the corresponding input iterator supports it.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if any of the provided iterators is null

concat

public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends Iterator<? extends T>> inputs)

Combines multiple iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the elements of each iterator in inputs. The input iterators are not polled until necessary.

The returned iterator supports remove() when the corresponding input iterator supports it. The methods of the returned iterator may throw NullPointerException if any of the input iterators is null.

partition

public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>> partition(Iterator<T> iterator,
                                                          int size)

Divides an iterator into unmodifiable sublists of the given size (the final list may be smaller). For example, partitioning an iterator containing [a, b, c, d, e] with a partition size of 3 yields [[a, b, c], [d, e]] -- an outer iterator containing two inner lists of three and two elements, all in the original order.

The returned lists implement RandomAccess.

Parameters:

iterator - the iterator to return a partitioned view of

size - the desired size of each partition (the last may be smaller)

Returns:

an iterator of immutable lists containing the elements of iterator divided into partitions

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if size is nonpositive

paddedPartition

public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>> paddedPartition(Iterator<T> iterator,
                                                                int size)

Divides an iterator into unmodifiable sublists of the given size, padding the final iterator with null values if necessary. For example, partitioning an iterator containing [a, b, c, d, e] with a partition size of 3 yields [[a, b, c], [d, e, null]] -- an outer iterator containing two inner lists of three elements each, all in the original order.

The returned lists implement RandomAccess.

Parameters:

iterator - the iterator to return a partitioned view of

size - the desired size of each partition

Returns:

an iterator of immutable lists containing the elements of iterator divided into partitions (the final iterable may have trailing null elements)

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if size is nonpositive

filter

public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> filter(Iterator<T> unfiltered,
                                                 Predicate<? super T> retainIfTrue)

Returns a view of unfiltered containing all elements that satisfy the input predicate retainIfTrue.

filter

@GwtIncompatible
public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> filter(Iterator<?> unfiltered,
                                                                  Class<T> desiredType)

Returns a view of unfiltered containing all elements that are of the type desiredType.

any

public static <T> boolean any(Iterator<T> iterator,
                              Predicate<? super T> predicate)

Returns true if one or more elements returned by iterator satisfy the given predicate.

all

public static <T> boolean all(Iterator<T> iterator,
                              Predicate<? super T> predicate)

Returns true if every element returned by iterator satisfies the given predicate. If iterator is empty, true is returned.

find

public static <T> T find(Iterator<T> iterator,
                         Predicate<? super T> predicate)

Returns the first element in iterator that satisfies the given predicate; use this method only when such an element is known to exist. If no such element is found, the iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false. If it is possible that no element will match, use tryFind(java.util.Iterator<T>, com.google.common.base.Predicate<? super T>) or find(Iterator, Predicate, Object) instead.

Throws:

NoSuchElementException - if no element in iterator matches the given predicate

find

@NullableDecl
public static <T> T find(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
                                       Predicate<? super T> predicate,
                                       @NullableDecl
                                       T defaultValue)

Returns the first element in iterator that satisfies the given predicate. If no such element is found, defaultValue will be returned from this method and the iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false. Note that this can usually be handled more naturally using tryFind(iterator, predicate).or(defaultValue).

Since:

7.0

tryFind

public static <T> Optional<T> tryFind(Iterator<T> iterator,
                                      Predicate<? super T> predicate)

Returns an Optional containing the first element in iterator that satisfies the given predicate, if such an element exists. If no such element is found, an empty Optional will be returned from this method and the iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false.

Warning: avoid using a predicate that matches null. If null is matched in iterator, a NullPointerException will be thrown.

Since:

11.0

indexOf

public static <T> int indexOf(Iterator<T> iterator,
                              Predicate<? super T> predicate)

Returns the index in iterator of the first element that satisfies the provided predicate, or -1 if the Iterator has no such elements.

More formally, returns the lowest index i such that predicate.apply(Iterators.get(iterator, i)) returns true, or -1 if there is no such index.

If -1 is returned, the iterator will be left exhausted: its hasNext() method will return false. Otherwise, the iterator will be set to the element which satisfies the predicate.

Since:

2.0

transform

public static <F,T> Iterator<T> transform(Iterator<F> fromIterator,
                                          Function<? super F,? extends T> function)

Returns a view containing the result of applying function to each element of fromIterator.

The returned iterator supports remove() if fromIterator does. After a successful remove() call, fromIterator no longer contains the corresponding element.

get

public static <T> T get(Iterator<T> iterator,
                        int position)

Advances iterator position + 1 times, returning the element at the positionth position.

Parameters:

position - position of the element to return

Returns:

the element at the specified position in iterator

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if position is negative or greater than or equal to the number of elements remaining in iterator

get

@NullableDecl
public static <T> T get(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
                                      int position,
                                      @NullableDecl
                                      T defaultValue)

Advances iterator position + 1 times, returning the element at the positionth position or defaultValue otherwise.

Parameters:

position - position of the element to return

defaultValue - the default value to return if the iterator is empty or if position is greater than the number of elements remaining in iterator

Returns:

the element at the specified position in iterator or defaultValue if iterator produces fewer than position + 1 elements.

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if position is negative

Since:

4.0

getNext

@NullableDecl
public static <T> T getNext(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
                                          @NullableDecl
                                          T defaultValue)

Returns the next element in iterator or defaultValue if the iterator is empty. The Iterables analog to this method is Iterables.getFirst(java.lang.Iterable<? extends T>, T).

Parameters:

defaultValue - the default value to return if the iterator is empty

Returns:

the next element of iterator or the default value

Since:

7.0

getLast

public static <T> T getLast(Iterator<T> iterator)

Advances iterator to the end, returning the last element.

Returns:

the last element of iterator

Throws:

NoSuchElementException - if the iterator is empty

getLast

@NullableDecl
public static <T> T getLast(Iterator<? extends T> iterator,
                                          @NullableDecl
                                          T defaultValue)

Advances iterator to the end, returning the last element or defaultValue if the iterator is empty.

Parameters:

defaultValue - the default value to return if the iterator is empty

Returns:

the last element of iterator

Since:

3.0

advance

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
public static int advance(Iterator<?> iterator,
                                                int numberToAdvance)

Calls next() on iterator, either numberToAdvance times or until hasNext() returns false, whichever comes first.

Returns:

the number of elements the iterator was advanced

Since:

13.0 (since 3.0 as Iterators.skip)

limit

public static <T> Iterator<T> limit(Iterator<T> iterator,
                                    int limitSize)

Returns a view containing the first limitSize elements of iterator. If iterator contains fewer than limitSize elements, the returned view contains all of its elements. The returned iterator supports remove() if iterator does.

Parameters:

iterator - the iterator to limit

limitSize - the maximum number of elements in the returned iterator

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if limitSize is negative

Since:

3.0

consumingIterator

public static <T> Iterator<T> consumingIterator(Iterator<T> iterator)

Returns a view of the supplied iterator that removes each element from the supplied iterator as it is returned.

The provided iterator must support Iterator.remove() or else the returned iterator will fail on the first call to next.

Parameters:

iterator - the iterator to remove and return elements from

Returns:

an iterator that removes and returns elements from the supplied iterator

Since:

2.0

forArray

@SafeVarargs
public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> forArray(T... array)

Returns an iterator containing the elements of array in order. The returned iterator is a view of the array; subsequent changes to the array will be reflected in the iterator.

Note: It is often preferable to represent your data using a collection type, for example using Arrays.asList(Object[]), making this method unnecessary.

The Iterable equivalent of this method is either Arrays.asList(Object[]), ImmutableList.copyOf(Object[])}, or ImmutableList.of().

singletonIterator

public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> singletonIterator(@NullableDecl
                                                            T value)

Returns an iterator containing only value.

The Iterable equivalent of this method is Collections.singleton(T).

forEnumeration

public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> forEnumeration(Enumeration<T> enumeration)

Adapts an Enumeration to the Iterator interface.

This method has no equivalent in Iterables because viewing an Enumeration as an Iterable is impossible. However, the contents can be copied into a collection using Collections.list(java.util.Enumeration<T>).

asEnumeration

public static <T> Enumeration<T> asEnumeration(Iterator<T> iterator)

Adapts an Iterator to the Enumeration interface.

The Iterable equivalent of this method is either Collections.enumeration(java.util.Collection<T>) (if you have a Collection), or Iterators.asEnumeration(collection.iterator()).

peekingIterator

public static <T> PeekingIterator<T> peekingIterator(Iterator<? extends T> iterator)

Returns a PeekingIterator backed by the given iterator.

Calls to the peek method with no intervening calls to next do not affect the iteration, and hence return the same object each time. A subsequent call to next is guaranteed to return the same object again. For example:

 PeekingIterator<String> peekingIterator =
     Iterators.peekingIterator(Iterators.forArray("a", "b"));
 String a1 = peekingIterator.peek(); // returns "a"
 String a2 = peekingIterator.peek(); // also returns "a"
 String a3 = peekingIterator.next(); // also returns "a"
 

Any structural changes to the underlying iteration (aside from those performed by the iterator's own PeekingIterator.remove() method) will leave the iterator in an undefined state.

The returned iterator does not support removal after peeking, as explained by PeekingIterator.remove().

Note: If the given iterator is already a PeekingIterator, it might be returned to the caller, although this is neither guaranteed to occur nor required to be consistent. For example, this method might choose to pass through recognized implementations of PeekingIterator when the behavior of the implementation is known to meet the contract guaranteed by this method.

There is no Iterable equivalent to this method, so use this method to wrap each individual iterator as it is generated.

Parameters:

iterator - the backing iterator. The PeekingIterator assumes ownership of this iterator, so users should cease making direct calls to it after calling this method.

Returns:

a peeking iterator backed by that iterator. Apart from the additional PeekingIterator.peek() method, this iterator behaves exactly the same as iterator.

peekingIterator

@Deprecated
public static <T> PeekingIterator<T> peekingIterator(PeekingIterator<T> iterator)

Deprecated. no need to use this

Simply returns its argument.

Since:

10.0

mergeSorted

@Beta
public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> mergeSorted(Iterable<? extends Iterator<? extends T>> iterators,
                                                            Comparator<? super T> comparator)

Returns an iterator over the merged contents of all given iterators, traversing every element of the input iterators. Equivalent entries will not be de-duplicated.

Callers must ensure that the source iterators are in non-descending order as this method does not sort its input.

For any equivalent elements across all iterators, it is undefined which element is returned first.

Since:

11.0