001    /*
002     * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
003     *
004     * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
005     * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
006     * You may obtain a copy of the License at
007     *
008     * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
009     *
010     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
011     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
012     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
013     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
014     * limitations under the License.
015     */
016    
017    package com.google.common.collect;
018    
019    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
020    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkElementIndex;
021    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
022    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndex;
023    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
024    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
025    
026    import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
027    import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
028    import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
029    import com.google.common.base.Function;
030    import com.google.common.base.Objects;
031    import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
032    
033    import java.io.Serializable;
034    import java.util.AbstractList;
035    import java.util.AbstractSequentialList;
036    import java.util.ArrayList;
037    import java.util.Arrays;
038    import java.util.Collection;
039    import java.util.Collections;
040    import java.util.Iterator;
041    import java.util.LinkedList;
042    import java.util.List;
043    import java.util.ListIterator;
044    import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
045    import java.util.RandomAccess;
046    
047    import javax.annotation.Nullable;
048    
049    /**
050     * Static utility methods pertaining to {@link List} instances. Also see this
051     * class's counterparts {@link Sets} and {@link Maps}.
052     *
053     * @author Kevin Bourrillion
054     * @author Mike Bostock
055     * @author Louis Wasserman
056     * @since 2 (imported from Google Collections Library)
057     */
058    @GwtCompatible
059    public final class Lists {
060      private Lists() {}
061    
062      // ArrayList
063    
064      /**
065       * Creates a <i>mutable</i>, empty {@code ArrayList} instance.
066       *
067       * <p><b>Note:</b> if mutability is not required, use {@link
068       * ImmutableList#of()} instead.
069       *
070       * @return a new, empty {@code ArrayList}
071       */
072      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
073      public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayList() {
074        return new ArrayList<E>();
075      }
076    
077      /**
078       * Creates a <i>mutable</i> {@code ArrayList} instance containing the given
079       * elements.
080       *
081       * <p><b>Note:</b> if mutability is not required and the elements are
082       * non-null, use an overload of {@link ImmutableList#of()} (for varargs) or
083       * {@link ImmutableList#copyOf(Object[])} (for an array) instead.
084       *
085       * @param elements the elements that the list should contain, in order
086       * @return a new {@code ArrayList} containing those elements
087       */
088      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
089      public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayList(E... elements) {
090        checkNotNull(elements); // for GWT
091        // Avoid integer overflow when a large array is passed in
092        int capacity = computeArrayListCapacity(elements.length);
093        ArrayList<E> list = new ArrayList<E>(capacity);
094        Collections.addAll(list, elements);
095        return list;
096      }
097    
098      @VisibleForTesting static int computeArrayListCapacity(int arraySize) {
099        checkArgument(arraySize >= 0);
100    
101        // TODO(kevinb): Figure out the right behavior, and document it
102        return Ints.saturatedCast(5L + arraySize + (arraySize / 10));
103      }
104    
105      /**
106       * Creates a <i>mutable</i> {@code ArrayList} instance containing the given
107       * elements.
108       *
109       * <p><b>Note:</b> if mutability is not required and the elements are
110       * non-null, use {@link ImmutableList#copyOf(Iterator)} instead.
111       *
112       * @param elements the elements that the list should contain, in order
113       * @return a new {@code ArrayList} containing those elements
114       */
115      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
116      public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayList(Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
117        checkNotNull(elements); // for GWT
118        // Let ArrayList's sizing logic work, if possible
119        return (elements instanceof Collection)
120            ? new ArrayList<E>(Collections2.cast(elements))
121            : newArrayList(elements.iterator());
122      }
123    
124      /**
125       * Creates a <i>mutable</i> {@code ArrayList} instance containing the given
126       * elements.
127       *
128       * <p><b>Note:</b> if mutability is not required and the elements are
129       * non-null, use {@link ImmutableList#copyOf(Iterator)} instead.
130       *
131       * @param elements the elements that the list should contain, in order
132       * @return a new {@code ArrayList} containing those elements
133       */
134      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
135      public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayList(Iterator<? extends E> elements) {
136        checkNotNull(elements); // for GWT
137        ArrayList<E> list = newArrayList();
138        while (elements.hasNext()) {
139          list.add(elements.next());
140        }
141        return list;
142      }
143    
144      /**
145       * Creates an {@code ArrayList} instance backed by an array of the
146       * <i>exact</i> size specified; equivalent to
147       * {@link ArrayList#ArrayList(int)}.
148       *
149       * <p><b>Note:</b> if you know the exact size your list will be, consider
150       * using a fixed-size list ({@link Arrays#asList(Object[])}) or an {@link
151       * ImmutableList} instead of a growable {@link ArrayList}.
152       *
153       * <p><b>Note:</b> If you have only an <i>estimate</i> of the eventual size of
154       * the list, consider padding this estimate by a suitable amount, or simply
155       * use {@link #newArrayListWithExpectedSize(int)} instead.
156       *
157       * @param initialArraySize the exact size of the initial backing array for
158       *     the returned array list ({@code ArrayList} documentation calls this
159       *     value the "capacity")
160       * @return a new, empty {@code ArrayList} which is guaranteed not to resize
161       *     itself unless its size reaches {@code initialArraySize + 1}
162       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialArraySize} is negative
163       */
164      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
165      public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayListWithCapacity(
166          int initialArraySize) {
167        checkArgument(initialArraySize >= 0);  // for GWT.
168        return new ArrayList<E>(initialArraySize);
169      }
170    
171      /**
172       * Creates an {@code ArrayList} instance sized appropriately to hold an
173       * <i>estimated</i> number of elements without resizing. A small amount of
174       * padding is added in case the estimate is low.
175       *
176       * <p><b>Note:</b> If you know the <i>exact</i> number of elements the list
177       * will hold, or prefer to calculate your own amount of padding, refer to
178       * {@link #newArrayListWithCapacity(int)}.
179       *
180       * @param estimatedSize an estimate of the eventual {@link List#size()} of
181       *     the new list
182       * @return a new, empty {@code ArrayList}, sized appropriately to hold the
183       *     estimated number of elements
184       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code estimatedSize} is negative
185       */
186      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
187      public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayListWithExpectedSize(
188          int estimatedSize) {
189        return new ArrayList<E>(computeArrayListCapacity(estimatedSize));
190      }
191    
192      // LinkedList
193    
194      /**
195       * Creates an empty {@code LinkedList} instance.
196       *
197       * <p><b>Note:</b> if you need an immutable empty {@link List}, use
198       * {@link Collections#emptyList} instead.
199       *
200       * @return a new, empty {@code LinkedList}
201       */
202      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
203      public static <E> LinkedList<E> newLinkedList() {
204        return new LinkedList<E>();
205      }
206    
207      /**
208       * Creates a {@code LinkedList} instance containing the given elements.
209       *
210       * @param elements the elements that the list should contain, in order
211       * @return a new {@code LinkedList} containing those elements
212       */
213      @GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
214      public static <E> LinkedList<E> newLinkedList(
215          Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
216        LinkedList<E> list = newLinkedList();
217        for (E element : elements) {
218          list.add(element);
219        }
220        return list;
221      }
222    
223      /**
224       * Returns an unmodifiable list containing the specified first element and
225       * backed by the specified array of additional elements. Changes to the {@code
226       * rest} array will be reflected in the returned list. Unlike {@link
227       * Arrays#asList}, the returned list is unmodifiable.
228       *
229       * <p>This is useful when a varargs method needs to use a signature such as
230       * {@code (Foo firstFoo, Foo... moreFoos)}, in order to avoid overload
231       * ambiguity or to enforce a minimum argument count.
232       *
233       * <p>The returned list is serializable and implements {@link RandomAccess}.
234       *
235       * @param first the first element
236       * @param rest an array of additional elements, possibly empty
237       * @return an unmodifiable list containing the specified elements
238       */
239      public static <E> List<E> asList(@Nullable E first, E[] rest) {
240        return new OnePlusArrayList<E>(first, rest);
241      }
242    
243      /** @see Lists#asList(Object, Object[]) */
244      private static class OnePlusArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
245          implements Serializable, RandomAccess {
246        final E first;
247        final E[] rest;
248    
249        OnePlusArrayList(@Nullable E first, E[] rest) {
250          this.first = first;
251          this.rest = checkNotNull(rest);
252        }
253        @Override public int size() {
254          return rest.length + 1;
255        }
256        @Override public E get(int index) {
257          // check explicitly so the IOOBE will have the right message
258          checkElementIndex(index, size());
259          return (index == 0) ? first : rest[index - 1];
260        }
261        private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
262      }
263    
264      /**
265       * Returns an unmodifiable list containing the specified first and second
266       * element, and backed by the specified array of additional elements. Changes
267       * to the {@code rest} array will be reflected in the returned list. Unlike
268       * {@link Arrays#asList}, the returned list is unmodifiable.
269       *
270       * <p>This is useful when a varargs method needs to use a signature such as
271       * {@code (Foo firstFoo, Foo secondFoo, Foo... moreFoos)}, in order to avoid
272       * overload ambiguity or to enforce a minimum argument count.
273       *
274       * <p>The returned list is serializable and implements {@link RandomAccess}.
275       *
276       * @param first the first element
277       * @param second the second element
278       * @param rest an array of additional elements, possibly empty
279       * @return an unmodifiable list containing the specified elements
280       */
281      public static <E> List<E> asList(
282          @Nullable E first, @Nullable E second, E[] rest) {
283        return new TwoPlusArrayList<E>(first, second, rest);
284      }
285    
286      /** @see Lists#asList(Object, Object, Object[]) */
287      private static class TwoPlusArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
288          implements Serializable, RandomAccess {
289        final E first;
290        final E second;
291        final E[] rest;
292    
293        TwoPlusArrayList(@Nullable E first, @Nullable E second, E[] rest) {
294          this.first = first;
295          this.second = second;
296          this.rest = checkNotNull(rest);
297        }
298        @Override public int size() {
299          return rest.length + 2;
300        }
301        @Override public E get(int index) {
302          switch (index) {
303            case 0:
304              return first;
305            case 1:
306              return second;
307            default:
308              // check explicitly so the IOOBE will have the right message
309              checkElementIndex(index, size());
310              return rest[index - 2];
311          }
312        }
313        private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
314      }
315    
316      /**
317       * Returns a list that applies {@code function} to each element of {@code
318       * fromList}. The returned list is a transformed view of {@code fromList};
319       * changes to {@code fromList} will be reflected in the returned list and vice
320       * versa.
321       *
322       * <p>Since functions are not reversible, the transform is one-way and new
323       * items cannot be stored in the returned list. The {@code add},
324       * {@code addAll} and {@code set} methods are unsupported in the returned
325       * list.
326       *
327       * <p>The function is applied lazily, invoked when needed. This is necessary
328       * for the returned list to be a view, but it means that the function will be
329       * applied many times for bulk operations like {@link List#contains} and
330       * {@link List#hashCode}. For this to perform well, {@code function} should be
331       * fast. To avoid lazy evaluation when the returned list doesn't need to be a
332       * view, copy the returned list into a new list of your choosing.
333       *
334       * <p>If {@code fromList} implements {@link RandomAccess}, so will the
335       * returned list. The returned list always implements {@link Serializable},
336       * but serialization will succeed only when {@code fromList} and
337       * {@code function} are serializable. The returned list is threadsafe if the
338       * supplied list and function are.
339       */
340      public static <F, T> List<T> transform(
341          List<F> fromList, Function<? super F, ? extends T> function) {
342        return (fromList instanceof RandomAccess)
343            ? new TransformingRandomAccessList<F, T>(fromList, function)
344            : new TransformingSequentialList<F, T>(fromList, function);
345      }
346    
347      /**
348       * Implementation of a sequential transforming list.
349       *
350       * @see Lists#transform
351       */
352      private static class TransformingSequentialList<F, T>
353          extends AbstractSequentialList<T> implements Serializable {
354        final List<F> fromList;
355        final Function<? super F, ? extends T> function;
356    
357        TransformingSequentialList(
358            List<F> fromList, Function<? super F, ? extends T> function) {
359          this.fromList = checkNotNull(fromList);
360          this.function = checkNotNull(function);
361        }
362        /**
363         * The default implementation inherited is based on iteration and removal of
364         * each element which can be overkill. That's why we forward this call
365         * directly to the backing list.
366         */
367        @Override public void clear() {
368          fromList.clear();
369        }
370        @Override public int size() {
371          return fromList.size();
372        }
373        @Override public ListIterator<T> listIterator(final int index) {
374          final ListIterator<F> delegate = fromList.listIterator(index);
375          return new ListIterator<T>() {
376            @Override
377            public void add(T e) {
378              throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
379            }
380    
381            @Override
382            public boolean hasNext() {
383              return delegate.hasNext();
384            }
385    
386            @Override
387            public boolean hasPrevious() {
388              return delegate.hasPrevious();
389            }
390    
391            @Override
392            public T next() {
393              return function.apply(delegate.next());
394            }
395    
396            @Override
397            public int nextIndex() {
398              return delegate.nextIndex();
399            }
400    
401            @Override
402            public T previous() {
403              return function.apply(delegate.previous());
404            }
405    
406            @Override
407            public int previousIndex() {
408              return delegate.previousIndex();
409            }
410    
411            @Override
412            public void remove() {
413              delegate.remove();
414            }
415    
416            @Override
417            public void set(T e) {
418              throw new UnsupportedOperationException("not supported");
419            }
420          };
421        }
422    
423        private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
424      }
425    
426      /**
427       * Implementation of a transforming random access list. We try to make as many
428       * of these methods pass-through to the source list as possible so that the
429       * performance characteristics of the source list and transformed list are
430       * similar.
431       *
432       * @see Lists#transform
433       */
434      private static class TransformingRandomAccessList<F, T>
435          extends AbstractList<T> implements RandomAccess, Serializable {
436        final List<F> fromList;
437        final Function<? super F, ? extends T> function;
438    
439        TransformingRandomAccessList(
440            List<F> fromList, Function<? super F, ? extends T> function) {
441          this.fromList = checkNotNull(fromList);
442          this.function = checkNotNull(function);
443        }
444        @Override public void clear() {
445          fromList.clear();
446        }
447        @Override public T get(int index) {
448          return function.apply(fromList.get(index));
449        }
450        @Override public boolean isEmpty() {
451          return fromList.isEmpty();
452        }
453        @Override public T remove(int index) {
454          return function.apply(fromList.remove(index));
455        }
456        @Override public int size() {
457          return fromList.size();
458        }
459        private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
460      }
461    
462      /**
463       * Returns consecutive {@linkplain List#subList(int, int) sublists} of a list,
464       * each of the same size (the final list may be smaller). For example,
465       * partitioning a list containing {@code [a, b, c, d, e]} with a partition
466       * size of 3 yields {@code [[a, b, c], [d, e]]} -- an outer list containing
467       * two inner lists of three and two elements, all in the original order.
468       *
469       * <p>The outer list is unmodifiable, but reflects the latest state of the
470       * source list. The inner lists are sublist views of the original list,
471       * produced on demand using {@link List#subList(int, int)}, and are subject
472       * to all the usual caveats about modification as explained in that API.
473       *
474       * @param list the list to return consecutive sublists of
475       * @param size the desired size of each sublist (the last may be
476       *     smaller)
477       * @return a list of consecutive sublists
478       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code partitionSize} is nonpositive
479       */
480      public static <T> List<List<T>> partition(List<T> list, int size) {
481        checkNotNull(list);
482        checkArgument(size > 0);
483        return (list instanceof RandomAccess)
484            ? new RandomAccessPartition<T>(list, size)
485            : new Partition<T>(list, size);
486      }
487    
488      private static class Partition<T> extends AbstractList<List<T>> {
489        final List<T> list;
490        final int size;
491    
492        Partition(List<T> list, int size) {
493          this.list = list;
494          this.size = size;
495        }
496    
497        @Override public List<T> get(int index) {
498          int listSize = size();
499          checkElementIndex(index, listSize);
500          int start = index * size;
501          int end = Math.min(start + size, list.size());
502          return list.subList(start, end);
503        }
504    
505        @Override public int size() {
506          return (list.size() + size - 1) / size;
507        }
508    
509        @Override public boolean isEmpty() {
510          return list.isEmpty();
511        }
512      }
513    
514      private static class RandomAccessPartition<T> extends Partition<T>
515          implements RandomAccess {
516        RandomAccessPartition(List<T> list, int size) {
517          super(list, size);
518        }
519      }
520    
521      /**
522       * Returns a view of the specified string as an immutable list of {@code
523       * Character} values.
524       *
525       * @since 7
526       */
527      @Beta public static ImmutableList<Character> charactersOf(String string) {
528        return new StringAsImmutableList(checkNotNull(string));
529      }
530    
531      @SuppressWarnings("serial") // serialized using ImmutableList serialization
532      private static final class StringAsImmutableList
533          extends ImmutableList<Character> {
534    
535        private final String string;
536    
537        StringAsImmutableList(String string) {
538          this.string = string;
539        }
540    
541        @Override public boolean contains(@Nullable Object object) {
542          return indexOf(object) >= 0;
543        }
544    
545        @Override public int indexOf(@Nullable Object object) {
546          return (object instanceof Character)
547              ? string.indexOf((Character) object) : -1;
548        }
549    
550        @Override public int lastIndexOf(@Nullable Object object) {
551          return (object instanceof Character)
552              ? string.lastIndexOf((Character) object) : -1;
553        }
554    
555        @Override public UnmodifiableListIterator<Character> listIterator(
556            int index) {
557          return new AbstractIndexedListIterator<Character>(size(), index) {
558            @Override protected Character get(int index) {
559              return string.charAt(index);
560            }
561          };
562        }
563    
564        @Override public ImmutableList<Character> subList(
565            int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
566          return charactersOf(string.substring(fromIndex, toIndex));
567        }
568    
569        @Override boolean isPartialView() {
570          return false;
571        }
572    
573        @Override public Character get(int index) {
574          return string.charAt(index);
575        }
576    
577        @Override public int size() {
578          return string.length();
579        }
580    
581        @Override public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
582          if (!(obj instanceof List)) {
583            return false;
584          }
585          List<?> list = (List<?>) obj;
586          int n = string.length();
587          if (n != list.size()) {
588            return false;
589          }
590          Iterator<?> iterator = list.iterator();
591          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
592            Object elem = iterator.next();
593            if (!(elem instanceof Character)
594                || ((Character) elem).charValue() != string.charAt(i)) {
595              return false;
596            }
597          }
598          return true;
599        }
600    
601        int hash = 0;
602    
603        @Override public int hashCode() {
604          int h = hash;
605          if (h == 0) {
606            h = 1;
607            for (int i = 0; i < string.length(); i++) {
608              h = h * 31 + string.charAt(i);
609            }
610            hash = h;
611          }
612          return h;
613        }
614      }
615    
616      /**
617       * Returns a view of the specified {@code CharSequence} as a {@code
618       * List<Character>}, viewing {@code sequence} as a sequence of Unicode code
619       * units. The view does not support any modification operations, but reflects
620       * any changes to the underlying character sequence.
621       *
622       * @param sequence the character sequence to view as a {@code List} of
623       *        characters
624       * @return an {@code List<Character>} view of the character sequence
625       * @since 7
626       */
627      @Beta public static List<Character> charactersOf(CharSequence sequence) {
628        return new CharSequenceAsList(checkNotNull(sequence));
629      }
630    
631      private static final class CharSequenceAsList
632          extends AbstractList<Character> {
633        private final CharSequence sequence;
634    
635        CharSequenceAsList(CharSequence sequence) {
636          this.sequence = sequence;
637        }
638    
639        @Override public Character get(int index) {
640          return sequence.charAt(index);
641        }
642    
643        @Override public boolean contains(@Nullable Object o) {
644          return indexOf(o) >= 0;
645        }
646    
647        @Override public int indexOf(@Nullable Object o) {
648          if (o instanceof Character) {
649            char c = (Character) o;
650            for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length(); i++) {
651              if (sequence.charAt(i) == c) {
652                return i;
653              }
654            }
655          }
656          return -1;
657        }
658    
659        @Override public int lastIndexOf(@Nullable Object o) {
660          if (o instanceof Character) {
661            char c = ((Character) o).charValue();
662            for (int i = sequence.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
663              if (sequence.charAt(i) == c) {
664                return i;
665              }
666            }
667          }
668          return -1;
669        }
670    
671        @Override public int size() {
672          return sequence.length();
673        }
674    
675        @Override public List<Character> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
676          return charactersOf(sequence.subSequence(fromIndex, toIndex));
677        }
678    
679        @Override public int hashCode() {
680          int hash = 1;
681          for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length(); i++) {
682            hash = hash * 31 + sequence.charAt(i);
683          }
684          return hash;
685        }
686    
687        @Override public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
688          if (!(o instanceof List)) {
689            return false;
690          }
691          List<?> list = (List<?>) o;
692          int n = sequence.length();
693          if (n != list.size()) {
694            return false;
695          }
696          Iterator<?> iterator = list.iterator();
697          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
698            Object elem = iterator.next();
699            if (!(elem instanceof Character)
700                || ((Character) elem).charValue() != sequence.charAt(i)) {
701              return false;
702            }
703          }
704          return true;
705        }
706      }
707    
708      /**
709       * Returns a reversed view of the specified list. For example, {@code
710       * Lists.reverse(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3))} returns a list containing {@code 3,
711       * 2, 1}. The returned list is backed by this list, so changes in the returned
712       * list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa. The returned list supports
713       * all of the optional list operations supported by this list.
714       *
715       * <p>The returned list is random-access if the specified list is random
716       * access.
717       *
718       * @since 7
719       */
720      public static <T> List<T> reverse(List<T> list) {
721        if (list instanceof ReverseList) {
722          return ((ReverseList<T>) list).getForwardList();
723        } else if (list instanceof RandomAccess) {
724          return new RandomAccessReverseList<T>(list);
725        } else {
726          return new ReverseList<T>(list);
727        }
728      }
729    
730      private static class ReverseList<T> extends AbstractList<T> {
731        private final List<T> forwardList;
732    
733        ReverseList(List<T> forwardList) {
734          this.forwardList = checkNotNull(forwardList);
735        }
736    
737        List<T> getForwardList() {
738          return forwardList;
739        }
740    
741        private int reverseIndex(int index) {
742          int size = size();
743          checkElementIndex(index, size);
744          return (size - 1) - index;
745        }
746    
747        private int reversePosition(int index) {
748          int size = size();
749          checkPositionIndex(index, size);
750          return size - index;
751        }
752    
753        @Override public void add(int index, @Nullable T element) {
754          forwardList.add(reversePosition(index), element);
755        }
756    
757        @Override public void clear() {
758          forwardList.clear();
759        }
760    
761        @Override public T remove(int index) {
762          return forwardList.remove(reverseIndex(index));
763        }
764    
765        @Override protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
766          subList(fromIndex, toIndex).clear();
767        }
768    
769        @Override public T set(int index, @Nullable T element) {
770          return forwardList.set(reverseIndex(index), element);
771        }
772    
773        @Override public T get(int index) {
774          return forwardList.get(reverseIndex(index));
775        }
776    
777        @Override public boolean isEmpty() {
778          return forwardList.isEmpty();
779        }
780    
781        @Override public int size() {
782          return forwardList.size();
783        }
784    
785        @Override public boolean contains(@Nullable Object o) {
786          return forwardList.contains(o);
787        }
788    
789        @Override public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
790          return forwardList.containsAll(c);
791        }
792    
793        @Override public List<T> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
794          checkPositionIndexes(fromIndex, toIndex, size());
795          return reverse(forwardList.subList(
796              reversePosition(toIndex), reversePosition(fromIndex)));
797        }
798    
799        @Override public int indexOf(@Nullable Object o) {
800          int index = forwardList.lastIndexOf(o);
801          return (index >= 0) ? reverseIndex(index) : -1;
802        }
803    
804        @Override public int lastIndexOf(@Nullable Object o) {
805          int index = forwardList.indexOf(o);
806          return (index >= 0) ? reverseIndex(index) : -1;
807        }
808    
809        @Override public Iterator<T> iterator() {
810          return listIterator();
811        }
812    
813        @Override public ListIterator<T> listIterator(int index) {
814          int start = reversePosition(index);
815          final ListIterator<T> forwardIterator = forwardList.listIterator(start);
816          return new ListIterator<T>() {
817    
818            boolean canRemove;
819            boolean canSet;
820    
821            @Override public void add(T e) {
822              forwardIterator.add(e);
823              forwardIterator.previous();
824              canSet = canRemove = false;
825            }
826    
827            @Override public boolean hasNext() {
828              return forwardIterator.hasPrevious();
829            }
830    
831            @Override public boolean hasPrevious() {
832              return forwardIterator.hasNext();
833            }
834    
835            @Override public T next() {
836              if (!hasNext()) {
837                throw new NoSuchElementException();
838              }
839              canSet = canRemove = true;
840              return forwardIterator.previous();
841            }
842    
843            @Override public int nextIndex() {
844              return reversePosition(forwardIterator.nextIndex());
845            }
846    
847            @Override public T previous() {
848              if (!hasPrevious()) {
849                throw new NoSuchElementException();
850              }
851              canSet = canRemove = true;
852              return forwardIterator.next();
853            }
854    
855            @Override public int previousIndex() {
856              return nextIndex() - 1;
857            }
858    
859            @Override public void remove() {
860              checkState(canRemove);
861              forwardIterator.remove();
862              canRemove = canSet = false;
863            }
864    
865            @Override public void set(T e) {
866              checkState(canSet);
867              forwardIterator.set(e);
868            }
869          };
870        }
871      }
872    
873      private static class RandomAccessReverseList<T> extends ReverseList<T>
874          implements RandomAccess {
875        RandomAccessReverseList(List<T> forwardList) {
876          super(forwardList);
877        }
878      }
879    
880      /**
881       * An implementation of {@link List#hashCode()}.
882       */
883      static int hashCodeImpl(List<?> list){
884        int hashCode = 1;
885        for (Object o : list) {
886          hashCode = 31 * hashCode + (o == null ? 0 : o.hashCode());
887        }
888        return hashCode;
889      }
890    
891      /**
892       * An implementation of {@link List#equals(Object)}.
893       */
894      static boolean equalsImpl(List<?> list, @Nullable Object object) {
895        if (object == checkNotNull(list)) {
896          return true;
897        }
898        if (!(object instanceof List)) {
899          return false;
900        }
901    
902        List<?> o = (List<?>) object;
903    
904        return list.size() == o.size()
905            && Iterators.elementsEqual(list.iterator(), o.iterator());
906      }
907    
908      /**
909       * An implementation of {@link List#addAll(int, Collection)}.
910       */
911      static <E> boolean addAllImpl(
912          List<E> list, int index, Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
913        boolean changed = false;
914        ListIterator<E> listIterator = list.listIterator(index);
915        for (E e : elements) {
916          listIterator.add(e);
917          changed = true;
918        }
919        return changed;
920      }
921    
922      /**
923       * An implementation of {@link List#indexOf(Object)}.
924       */
925      static int indexOfImpl(List<?> list, @Nullable Object element){
926        ListIterator<?> listIterator = list.listIterator();
927        while (listIterator.hasNext()) {
928          if (Objects.equal(element, listIterator.next())) {
929            return listIterator.previousIndex();
930          }
931        }
932        return -1;
933      }
934    
935      /**
936       * An implementation of {@link List#lastIndexOf(Object)}.
937       */
938      static int lastIndexOfImpl(List<?> list, @Nullable Object element){
939        ListIterator<?> listIterator = list.listIterator(list.size());
940        while (listIterator.hasPrevious()) {
941          if (Objects.equal(element, listIterator.previous())) {
942            return listIterator.nextIndex();
943          }
944        }
945        return -1;
946      }
947    
948      /**
949       * Returns an implementation of {@link List#listIterator(int)}.
950       */
951      static <E> ListIterator<E> listIteratorImpl(List<E> list, int index) {
952        return new AbstractListWrapper<E>(list).listIterator(index);
953      }
954    
955      /**
956       * An implementation of {@link List#subList(int, int)}.
957       */
958      static <E> List<E> subListImpl(
959          final List<E> list, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
960        List<E> wrapper;
961        if (list instanceof RandomAccess) {
962          wrapper = new RandomAccessListWrapper<E>(list) {
963            @Override public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
964              return backingList.listIterator(index);
965            }
966    
967            private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
968          };
969        } else {
970          wrapper = new AbstractListWrapper<E>(list) {
971            @Override public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
972              return backingList.listIterator(index);
973            }
974    
975            private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
976          };
977        }
978        return wrapper.subList(fromIndex, toIndex);
979      }
980    
981      private static class AbstractListWrapper<E> extends AbstractList<E> {
982        final List<E> backingList;
983    
984        AbstractListWrapper(List<E> backingList) {
985          this.backingList = checkNotNull(backingList);
986        }
987    
988        @Override public void add(int index, E element) {
989          backingList.add(index, element);
990        }
991    
992        @Override public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
993          return backingList.addAll(index, c);
994        }
995    
996        @Override public E get(int index) {
997          return backingList.get(index);
998        }
999    
1000        @Override public E remove(int index) {
1001          return backingList.remove(index);
1002        }
1003    
1004        @Override public E set(int index, E element) {
1005          return backingList.set(index, element);
1006        }
1007    
1008        @Override public boolean contains(Object o) {
1009          return backingList.contains(o);
1010        }
1011    
1012        @Override public int size() {
1013          return backingList.size();
1014        }
1015      }
1016    
1017      private static class RandomAccessListWrapper<E>
1018          extends AbstractListWrapper<E> implements RandomAccess {
1019        RandomAccessListWrapper(List<E> backingList) {
1020          super(backingList);
1021        }
1022      }
1023    }