001    /*
002     * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
003     *
004     * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
005     * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
006     * You may obtain a copy of the License at
007     *
008     * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
009     *
010     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
011     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
012     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
013     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
014     * limitations under the License.
015     */
016    
017    package com.google.common.collect;
018    
019    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
020    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
021    import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
022    
023    import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
024    import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
025    import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
026    import com.google.common.base.Function;
027    import com.google.common.base.Objects;
028    import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
029    import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
030    import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
031    
032    import java.util.Arrays;
033    import java.util.Collection;
034    import java.util.Collections;
035    import java.util.Enumeration;
036    import java.util.Iterator;
037    import java.util.List;
038    import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
039    
040    import javax.annotation.Nullable;
041    
042    /**
043     * This class contains static utility methods that operate on or return objects
044     * of type {@link Iterator}. Except as noted, each method has a corresponding
045     * {@link Iterable}-based method in the {@link Iterables} class.
046     *
047     * <p><i>Performance notes:</i> Unless otherwise noted, all of the iterators
048     * produced in this class are <i>lazy</i>, which means that they only advance
049     * the backing iteration when absolutely necessary.
050     *
051     * @author Kevin Bourrillion
052     * @author Jared Levy
053     * @since 2 (imported from Google Collections Library)
054     */
055    @GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
056    public final class Iterators {
057      private Iterators() {}
058    
059      static final UnmodifiableIterator<Object> EMPTY_ITERATOR
060          = new UnmodifiableIterator<Object>() {
061            @Override
062            public boolean hasNext() {
063              return false;
064            }
065            @Override
066            public Object next() {
067              throw new NoSuchElementException();
068            }
069          };
070    
071      /**
072       * Returns the empty iterator.
073       *
074       * <p>The {@link Iterable} equivalent of this method is {@link
075       * Collections#emptySet}.
076       */
077      // Casting to any type is safe since there are no actual elements.
078      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
079      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> emptyIterator() {
080        return (UnmodifiableIterator<T>) EMPTY_ITERATOR;
081      }
082    
083      private static final Iterator<Object> EMPTY_MODIFIABLE_ITERATOR =
084          new Iterator<Object>() {
085            @Override public boolean hasNext() {
086              return false;
087            }
088    
089            @Override public Object next() {
090              throw new NoSuchElementException();
091            }
092    
093            @Override public void remove() {
094              throw new IllegalStateException();
095            }
096          };
097    
098      /**
099       * Returns the empty {@code Iterator} that throws
100       * {@link IllegalStateException} instead of
101       * {@link UnsupportedOperationException} on a call to
102       * {@link Iterator#remove()}.
103       */
104      // Casting to any type is safe since there are no actual elements.
105      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
106      static <T> Iterator<T> emptyModifiableIterator() {
107        return (Iterator<T>) EMPTY_MODIFIABLE_ITERATOR;
108      }
109    
110      /** Returns an unmodifiable view of {@code iterator}. */
111      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> unmodifiableIterator(
112          final Iterator<T> iterator) {
113        checkNotNull(iterator);
114        return new UnmodifiableIterator<T>() {
115          @Override
116          public boolean hasNext() {
117            return iterator.hasNext();
118          }
119          @Override
120          public T next() {
121            return iterator.next();
122          }
123        };
124      }
125    
126      /**
127       * Returns the number of elements remaining in {@code iterator}. The iterator
128       * will be left exhausted: its {@code hasNext()} method will return
129       * {@code false}.
130       */
131      public static int size(Iterator<?> iterator) {
132        int count = 0;
133        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
134          iterator.next();
135          count++;
136        }
137        return count;
138      }
139    
140      /**
141       * Returns {@code true} if {@code iterator} contains {@code element}.
142       */
143      public static boolean contains(Iterator<?> iterator, @Nullable Object element)
144      {
145        if (element == null) {
146          while (iterator.hasNext()) {
147            if (iterator.next() == null) {
148              return true;
149            }
150          }
151        } else {
152          while (iterator.hasNext()) {
153            if (element.equals(iterator.next())) {
154              return true;
155            }
156          }
157        }
158        return false;
159      }
160    
161      /**
162       * Traverses an iterator and removes every element that belongs to the
163       * provided collection. The iterator will be left exhausted: its
164       * {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
165       *
166       * @param removeFrom the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from
167       * @param elementsToRemove the elements to remove
168       * @return {@code true} if any elements are removed from {@code iterator}
169       */
170      public static boolean removeAll(
171          Iterator<?> removeFrom, Collection<?> elementsToRemove) {
172        checkNotNull(elementsToRemove);
173        boolean modified = false;
174        while (removeFrom.hasNext()) {
175          if (elementsToRemove.contains(removeFrom.next())) {
176            removeFrom.remove();
177            modified = true;
178          }
179        }
180        return modified;
181      }
182    
183      /**
184       * Removes every element that satisfies the provided predicate from the
185       * iterator. The iterator will be left exhausted: its {@code hasNext()}
186       * method will return {@code false}.
187       *
188       * @param removeFrom the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from
189       * @param predicate a predicate that determines whether an element should
190       *     be removed
191       * @return {@code true} if any elements were removed from the iterator
192       * @since 2
193       */
194      public static <T> boolean removeIf(
195          Iterator<T> removeFrom, Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
196        checkNotNull(predicate);
197        boolean modified = false;
198        while (removeFrom.hasNext()) {
199          if (predicate.apply(removeFrom.next())) {
200            removeFrom.remove();
201            modified = true;
202          }
203        }
204        return modified;
205      }
206    
207      /**
208       * Traverses an iterator and removes every element that does not belong to the
209       * provided collection. The iterator will be left exhausted: its
210       * {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
211       *
212       * @param removeFrom the iterator to (potentially) remove elements from
213       * @param elementsToRetain the elements to retain
214       * @return {@code true} if any elements are removed from {@code iterator}
215       */
216      public static boolean retainAll(
217          Iterator<?> removeFrom, Collection<?> elementsToRetain) {
218        checkNotNull(elementsToRetain);
219        boolean modified = false;
220        while (removeFrom.hasNext()) {
221          if (!elementsToRetain.contains(removeFrom.next())) {
222            removeFrom.remove();
223            modified = true;
224          }
225        }
226        return modified;
227      }
228    
229      /**
230       * Determines whether two iterators contain equal elements in the same order.
231       * More specifically, this method returns {@code true} if {@code iterator1}
232       * and {@code iterator2} contain the same number of elements and every element
233       * of {@code iterator1} is equal to the corresponding element of
234       * {@code iterator2}.
235       *
236       * <p>Note that this will modify the supplied iterators, since they will have
237       * been advanced some number of elements forward.
238       */
239      public static boolean elementsEqual(
240          Iterator<?> iterator1, Iterator<?> iterator2) {
241        while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
242          if (!iterator2.hasNext()) {
243            return false;
244          }
245          Object o1 = iterator1.next();
246          Object o2 = iterator2.next();
247          if (!Objects.equal(o1, o2)) {
248            return false;
249          }
250        }
251        return !iterator2.hasNext();
252      }
253    
254      /**
255       * Returns a string representation of {@code iterator}, with the format
256       * {@code [e1, e2, ..., en]}. The iterator will be left exhausted: its
257       * {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
258       */
259      public static String toString(Iterator<?> iterator) {
260        if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
261          return "[]";
262        }
263        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
264        builder.append('[').append(iterator.next());
265        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
266          builder.append(", ").append(iterator.next());
267        }
268        return builder.append(']').toString();
269      }
270    
271      /**
272       * Returns the single element contained in {@code iterator}.
273       *
274       * @throws NoSuchElementException if the iterator is empty
275       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the iterator contains multiple
276       *     elements.  The state of the iterator is unspecified.
277       */
278      public static <T> T getOnlyElement(Iterator<T> iterator) {
279        T first = iterator.next();
280        if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
281          return first;
282        }
283    
284        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
285        sb.append("expected one element but was: <" + first);
286        for (int i = 0; i < 4 && iterator.hasNext(); i++) {
287          sb.append(", " + iterator.next());
288        }
289        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
290          sb.append(", ...");
291        }
292        sb.append('>');
293    
294        throw new IllegalArgumentException(sb.toString());
295      }
296    
297      /**
298       * Returns the single element contained in {@code iterator}, or {@code
299       * defaultValue} if the iterator is empty.
300       *
301       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the iterator contains multiple
302       *     elements.  The state of the iterator is unspecified.
303       */
304      public static <T> T getOnlyElement(
305          Iterator<T> iterator, @Nullable T defaultValue) {
306        return iterator.hasNext() ? getOnlyElement(iterator) : defaultValue;
307      }
308    
309      /**
310       * Copies an iterator's elements into an array. The iterator will be left
311       * exhausted: its {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
312       *
313       * @param iterator the iterator to copy
314       * @param type the type of the elements
315       * @return a newly-allocated array into which all the elements of the iterator
316       *         have been copied
317       */
318      @GwtIncompatible("Array.newInstance(Class, int)")
319      public static <T> T[] toArray(
320          Iterator<? extends T> iterator, Class<T> type) {
321        List<T> list = Lists.newArrayList(iterator);
322        return Iterables.toArray(list, type);
323      }
324    
325      /**
326       * Adds all elements in {@code iterator} to {@code collection}. The iterator
327       * will be left exhausted: its {@code hasNext()} method will return
328       * {@code false}.
329       *
330       * @return {@code true} if {@code collection} was modified as a result of this
331       *         operation
332       */
333      public static <T> boolean addAll(
334          Collection<T> addTo, Iterator<? extends T> iterator) {
335        checkNotNull(addTo);
336        boolean wasModified = false;
337        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
338          wasModified |= addTo.add(iterator.next());
339        }
340        return wasModified;
341      }
342    
343      /**
344       * Returns the number of elements in the specified iterator that equal the
345       * specified object. The iterator will be left exhausted: its
346       * {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
347       *
348       * @see Collections#frequency
349       */
350      public static int frequency(Iterator<?> iterator, @Nullable Object element) {
351        int result = 0;
352        if (element == null) {
353          while (iterator.hasNext()) {
354            if (iterator.next() == null) {
355              result++;
356            }
357          }
358        } else {
359          while (iterator.hasNext()) {
360            if (element.equals(iterator.next())) {
361              result++;
362            }
363          }
364        }
365        return result;
366      }
367    
368      /**
369       * Returns an iterator that cycles indefinitely over the elements of {@code
370       * iterable}.
371       *
372       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} if the provided iterator
373       * does. After {@code remove()} is called, subsequent cycles omit the removed
374       * element, which is no longer in {@code iterable}. The iterator's
375       * {@code hasNext()} method returns {@code true} until {@code iterable} is
376       * empty.
377       *
378       * <p><b>Warning:</b> Typical uses of the resulting iterator may produce an
379       * infinite loop. You should use an explicit {@code break} or be certain that
380       * you will eventually remove all the elements.
381       */
382      public static <T> Iterator<T> cycle(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
383        checkNotNull(iterable);
384        return new Iterator<T>() {
385          Iterator<T> iterator = emptyIterator();
386          Iterator<T> removeFrom;
387    
388          @Override
389          public boolean hasNext() {
390            if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
391              iterator = iterable.iterator();
392            }
393            return iterator.hasNext();
394          }
395          @Override
396          public T next() {
397            if (!hasNext()) {
398              throw new NoSuchElementException();
399            }
400            removeFrom = iterator;
401            return iterator.next();
402          }
403          @Override
404          public void remove() {
405            checkState(removeFrom != null,
406                "no calls to next() since last call to remove()");
407            removeFrom.remove();
408            removeFrom = null;
409          }
410        };
411      }
412    
413      /**
414       * Returns an iterator that cycles indefinitely over the provided elements.
415       *
416       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} if the provided iterator
417       * does. After {@code remove()} is called, subsequent cycles omit the removed
418       * element, but {@code elements} does not change. The iterator's
419       * {@code hasNext()} method returns {@code true} until all of the original
420       * elements have been removed.
421       *
422       * <p><b>Warning:</b> Typical uses of the resulting iterator may produce an
423       * infinite loop. You should use an explicit {@code break} or be certain that
424       * you will eventually remove all the elements.
425       */
426      public static <T> Iterator<T> cycle(T... elements) {
427        return cycle(Lists.newArrayList(elements));
428      }
429    
430      /**
431       * Combines two iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator
432       * iterates across the elements in {@code a}, followed by the elements in
433       * {@code b}. The source iterators are not polled until necessary.
434       *
435       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} when the corresponding
436       * input iterator supports it.
437       */
438      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
439      public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T> a,
440          Iterator<? extends T> b) {
441        checkNotNull(a);
442        checkNotNull(b);
443        return concat(Arrays.asList(a, b).iterator());
444      }
445    
446      /**
447       * Combines three iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator
448       * iterates across the elements in {@code a}, followed by the elements in
449       * {@code b}, followed by the elements in {@code c}. The source iterators
450       * are not polled until necessary.
451       *
452       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} when the corresponding
453       * input iterator supports it.
454       */
455      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
456      public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T> a,
457          Iterator<? extends T> b, Iterator<? extends T> c) {
458        checkNotNull(a);
459        checkNotNull(b);
460        checkNotNull(c);
461        return concat(Arrays.asList(a, b, c).iterator());
462      }
463    
464      /**
465       * Combines four iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator
466       * iterates across the elements in {@code a}, followed by the elements in
467       * {@code b}, followed by the elements in {@code c}, followed by the elements
468       * in {@code d}. The source iterators are not polled until necessary.
469       *
470       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} when the corresponding
471       * input iterator supports it.
472       */
473      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
474      public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T> a,
475          Iterator<? extends T> b, Iterator<? extends T> c,
476          Iterator<? extends T> d) {
477        checkNotNull(a);
478        checkNotNull(b);
479        checkNotNull(c);
480        checkNotNull(d);
481        return concat(Arrays.asList(a, b, c, d).iterator());
482      }
483    
484      /**
485       * Combines multiple iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator
486       * iterates across the elements of each iterator in {@code inputs}. The input
487       * iterators are not polled until necessary.
488       *
489       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} when the corresponding
490       * input iterator supports it.
491       *
492       * @throws NullPointerException if any of the provided iterators is null
493       */
494      public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(Iterator<? extends T>... inputs) {
495        return concat(ImmutableList.copyOf(inputs).iterator());
496      }
497    
498      /**
499       * Combines multiple iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator
500       * iterates across the elements of each iterator in {@code inputs}. The input
501       * iterators are not polled until necessary.
502       *
503       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} when the corresponding
504       * input iterator supports it. The methods of the returned iterator may throw
505       * {@code NullPointerException} if any of the input iterators are null.
506       */
507      public static <T> Iterator<T> concat(
508          final Iterator<? extends Iterator<? extends T>> inputs) {
509        checkNotNull(inputs);
510        return new Iterator<T>() {
511          Iterator<? extends T> current = emptyIterator();
512          Iterator<? extends T> removeFrom;
513    
514          @Override
515          public boolean hasNext() {
516            // http://code.google.com/p/google-collections/issues/detail?id=151
517            // current.hasNext() might be relatively expensive, worth minimizing.
518            boolean currentHasNext;
519            // checkNotNull eager for GWT
520            // note: it must be here & not where 'current' is assigned,
521            // because otherwise we'll have called inputs.next() before throwing
522            // the first NPE, and the next time around we'll call inputs.next()
523            // again, incorrectly moving beyond the error.
524            while (!(currentHasNext = checkNotNull(current).hasNext())
525                && inputs.hasNext()) {
526              current = inputs.next();
527            }
528            return currentHasNext;
529          }
530          @Override
531          public T next() {
532            if (!hasNext()) {
533              throw new NoSuchElementException();
534            }
535            removeFrom = current;
536            return current.next();
537          }
538          @Override
539          public void remove() {
540            checkState(removeFrom != null,
541                "no calls to next() since last call to remove()");
542            removeFrom.remove();
543            removeFrom = null;
544          }
545        };
546      }
547    
548      /**
549       * Divides an iterator into unmodifiable sublists of the given size (the final
550       * list may be smaller). For example, partitioning an iterator containing
551       * {@code [a, b, c, d, e]} with a partition size of 3 yields {@code
552       * [[a, b, c], [d, e]]} -- an outer iterator containing two inner lists of
553       * three and two elements, all in the original order.
554       *
555       * <p>The returned lists implement {@link java.util.RandomAccess}.
556       *
557       * @param iterator the iterator to return a partitioned view of
558       * @param size the desired size of each partition (the last may be smaller)
559       * @return an iterator of immutable lists containing the elements of {@code
560       *     iterator} divided into partitions
561       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is nonpositive
562       */
563      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>> partition(
564          Iterator<T> iterator, int size) {
565        return partitionImpl(iterator, size, false);
566      }
567    
568      /**
569       * Divides an iterator into unmodifiable sublists of the given size, padding
570       * the final iterator with null values if necessary. For example, partitioning
571       * an iterator containing {@code [a, b, c, d, e]} with a partition size of 3
572       * yields {@code [[a, b, c], [d, e, null]]} -- an outer iterator containing
573       * two inner lists of three elements each, all in the original order.
574       *
575       * <p>The returned lists implement {@link java.util.RandomAccess}.
576       *
577       * @param iterator the iterator to return a partitioned view of
578       * @param size the desired size of each partition
579       * @return an iterator of immutable lists containing the elements of {@code
580       *     iterator} divided into partitions (the final iterable may have
581       *     trailing null elements)
582       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is nonpositive
583       */
584      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>> paddedPartition(
585          Iterator<T> iterator, int size) {
586        return partitionImpl(iterator, size, true);
587      }
588    
589      private static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>> partitionImpl(
590          final Iterator<T> iterator, final int size, final boolean pad) {
591        checkNotNull(iterator);
592        checkArgument(size > 0);
593        return new UnmodifiableIterator<List<T>>() {
594          @Override
595          public boolean hasNext() {
596            return iterator.hasNext();
597          }
598          @Override
599          public List<T> next() {
600            if (!hasNext()) {
601              throw new NoSuchElementException();
602            }
603            Object[] array = new Object[size];
604            int count = 0;
605            for (; count < size && iterator.hasNext(); count++) {
606              array[count] = iterator.next();
607            }
608    
609            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // we only put Ts in it
610            List<T> list = Collections.unmodifiableList(
611                (List<T>) Arrays.asList(array));
612            return (pad || count == size) ? list : list.subList(0, count);
613          }
614        };
615      }
616    
617      /**
618       * Returns the elements of {@code unfiltered} that satisfy a predicate.
619       */
620      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> filter(
621          final Iterator<T> unfiltered, final Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
622        checkNotNull(unfiltered);
623        checkNotNull(predicate);
624        return new AbstractIterator<T>() {
625          @Override protected T computeNext() {
626            while (unfiltered.hasNext()) {
627              T element = unfiltered.next();
628              if (predicate.apply(element)) {
629                return element;
630              }
631            }
632            return endOfData();
633          }
634        };
635      }
636    
637      /**
638       * Returns all instances of class {@code type} in {@code unfiltered}. The
639       * returned iterator has elements whose class is {@code type} or a subclass of
640       * {@code type}.
641       *
642       * @param unfiltered an iterator containing objects of any type
643       * @param type the type of elements desired
644       * @return an unmodifiable iterator containing all elements of the original
645       *     iterator that were of the requested type
646       */
647      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // can cast to <T> because non-Ts are removed
648      @GwtIncompatible("Class.isInstance")
649      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> filter(
650          Iterator<?> unfiltered, Class<T> type) {
651        return (UnmodifiableIterator<T>)
652            filter(unfiltered, Predicates.instanceOf(type));
653      }
654    
655      /**
656       * Returns {@code true} if one or more elements returned by {@code iterator}
657       * satisfy the given predicate.
658       */
659      public static <T> boolean any(
660          Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
661        checkNotNull(predicate);
662        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
663          T element = iterator.next();
664          if (predicate.apply(element)) {
665            return true;
666          }
667        }
668        return false;
669      }
670    
671      /**
672       * Returns {@code true} if every element returned by {@code iterator}
673       * satisfies the given predicate. If {@code iterator} is empty, {@code true}
674       * is returned.
675       */
676      public static <T> boolean all(
677          Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
678        checkNotNull(predicate);
679        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
680          T element = iterator.next();
681          if (!predicate.apply(element)) {
682            return false;
683          }
684        }
685        return true;
686      }
687    
688      /**
689       * Returns the first element in {@code iterator} that satisfies the given
690       * predicate.  If no such element is found, the iterator will be left
691       * exhausted: its {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
692       *
693       * @throws NoSuchElementException if no element in {@code iterator} matches
694       *     the given predicate
695       */
696      public static <T> T find(
697          Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
698        return filter(iterator, predicate).next();
699      }
700    
701      /**
702       * Returns the first element in {@code iterator} that satisfies the given
703       * predicate.  If no such element is found, {@code defaultValue} will be
704       * returned from this method and the iterator will be left exhausted: its
705       * {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.
706       *
707       * @since 7
708       */
709      public static <T> T find(Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate,
710          @Nullable T defaultValue) {
711        UnmodifiableIterator<T> filteredIterator = filter(iterator, predicate);
712        return filteredIterator.hasNext() ? filteredIterator.next() : defaultValue;
713      }
714    
715      /**
716       * Returns the index in {@code iterator} of the first element that satisfies
717       * the provided {@code predicate}, or {@code -1} if the Iterator has no such
718       * elements.
719       *
720       * <p>More formally, returns the lowest index {@code i} such that
721       * {@code predicate.apply(Iterators.get(iterator, i))} is {@code true}, or
722       * {@code -1} if there is no such index.
723       *
724       * <p>If -1 is returned, the iterator will be left exhausted: its
725       * {@code hasNext()} method will return {@code false}.  Otherwise,
726       * the iterator will be set to the element which satisfies the
727       * {@code predicate}.
728       *
729       * @since 2
730       */
731      public static <T> int indexOf(
732          Iterator<T> iterator, Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
733        checkNotNull(predicate, "predicate");
734        int i = 0;
735        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
736          T current = iterator.next();
737          if (predicate.apply(current)) {
738            return i;
739          }
740          i++;
741        }
742        return -1;
743      }
744    
745      /**
746       * Returns an iterator that applies {@code function} to each element of {@code
747       * fromIterator}.
748       *
749       * <p>The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} if the provided iterator
750       * does. After a successful {@code remove()} call, {@code fromIterator} no
751       * longer contains the corresponding element.
752       */
753      public static <F, T> Iterator<T> transform(final Iterator<F> fromIterator,
754          final Function<? super F, ? extends T> function) {
755        checkNotNull(fromIterator);
756        checkNotNull(function);
757        return new Iterator<T>() {
758          @Override
759          public boolean hasNext() {
760            return fromIterator.hasNext();
761          }
762          @Override
763          public T next() {
764            F from = fromIterator.next();
765            return function.apply(from);
766          }
767          @Override
768          public void remove() {
769            fromIterator.remove();
770          }
771        };
772      }
773    
774      /**
775       * Advances {@code iterator} {@code position + 1} times, returning the
776       * element at the {@code position}th position.
777       *
778       * @param position position of the element to return
779       * @return the element at the specified position in {@code iterator}
780       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code position} is negative or
781       *     greater than or equal to the number of elements remaining in
782       *     {@code iterator}
783       */
784      public static <T> T get(Iterator<T> iterator, int position) {
785        checkNonnegative(position);
786    
787        int skipped = 0;
788        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
789          T t = iterator.next();
790          if (skipped++ == position) {
791            return t;
792          }
793        }
794    
795        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("position (" + position
796            + ") must be less than the number of elements that remained ("
797            + skipped + ")");
798      }
799    
800      private static void checkNonnegative(int position) {
801        if (position < 0) {
802          throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("position (" + position
803              + ") must not be negative");
804        }
805      }
806    
807      /**
808       * Advances {@code iterator} {@code position + 1} times, returning the
809       * element at the {@code position}th position or {@code defaultValue}
810       * otherwise.
811       *
812       * @param position position of the element to return
813       * @param defaultValue the default value to return if the iterator is empty
814       *     or if {@code position} is greater than the number of elements
815       *     remaining in {@code iterator}
816       * @return the element at the specified position in {@code iterator} or
817       *     {@code defaultValue} if {@code iterator} produces fewer than
818       *     {@code position + 1} elements.
819       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code position} is negative
820       * @since 4
821       */
822      public static <T> T get(Iterator<T> iterator, int position,
823          @Nullable T defaultValue) {
824        checkNonnegative(position);
825    
826        try {
827          return get(iterator, position);
828        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
829          return defaultValue;
830        }
831      }
832    
833      /**
834       * Returns the next element in {@code iterator} or {@code defaultValue} if
835       * the iterator is empty.  The {@link Iterables} analog to this method is
836       * {@link Iterables#getFirst}.
837       *
838       * @param defaultValue the default value to return if the iterator is empty
839       * @return the next element of {@code iterator} or the default value
840       * @since 7
841       */
842      public static <T> T getNext(Iterator<T> iterator, @Nullable T defaultValue) {
843        return iterator.hasNext() ? iterator.next() : defaultValue;
844      }
845    
846      /**
847       * Advances {@code iterator} to the end, returning the last element.
848       *
849       * @return the last element of {@code iterator}
850       * @throws NoSuchElementException if the iterator is empty
851       */
852      public static <T> T getLast(Iterator<T> iterator) {
853        while (true) {
854          T current = iterator.next();
855          if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
856            return current;
857          }
858        }
859      }
860    
861      /**
862       * Advances {@code iterator} to the end, returning the last element or
863       * {@code defaultValue} if the iterator is empty.
864       *
865       * @param defaultValue the default value to return if the iterator is empty
866       * @return the last element of {@code iterator}
867       * @since 3
868       */
869      public static <T> T getLast(Iterator<T> iterator, @Nullable T defaultValue) {
870        return iterator.hasNext() ? getLast(iterator) : defaultValue;
871      }
872    
873      /**
874       * Calls {@code next()} on {@code iterator}, either {@code numberToSkip} times
875       * or until {@code hasNext()} returns {@code false}, whichever comes first.
876       *
877       * @return the number of elements skipped
878       * @since 3
879       */
880      @Beta
881      public static <T> int skip(Iterator<T> iterator, int numberToSkip) {
882        checkNotNull(iterator);
883        checkArgument(numberToSkip >= 0, "number to skip cannot be negative");
884    
885        int i;
886        for (i = 0; i < numberToSkip && iterator.hasNext(); i++) {
887          iterator.next();
888        }
889        return i;
890      }
891    
892      /**
893       * Creates an iterator returning the first {@code limitSize} elements of the
894       * given iterator. If the original iterator does not contain that many
895       * elements, the returned iterator will have the same behavior as the original
896       * iterator. The returned iterator supports {@code remove()} if the original
897       * iterator does.
898       *
899       * @param iterator the iterator to limit
900       * @param limitSize the maximum number of elements in the returned iterator
901       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code limitSize} is negative
902       * @since 3
903       */
904      public static <T> Iterator<T> limit(
905          final Iterator<T> iterator, final int limitSize) {
906        checkNotNull(iterator);
907        checkArgument(limitSize >= 0, "limit is negative");
908        return new Iterator<T>() {
909          private int count;
910    
911          @Override
912          public boolean hasNext() {
913            return count < limitSize && iterator.hasNext();
914          }
915    
916          @Override
917          public T next() {
918            if (!hasNext()) {
919              throw new NoSuchElementException();
920            }
921            count++;
922            return iterator.next();
923          }
924    
925          @Override
926          public void remove() {
927            iterator.remove();
928          }
929        };
930      }
931    
932      /**
933       * Returns a view of the supplied {@code iterator} that removes each element
934       * from the supplied {@code iterator} as it is returned.
935       *
936       * <p>The provided iterator must support {@link Iterator#remove()} or
937       * else the returned iterator will fail on the first call to {@code
938       * next}.
939       *
940       * @param iterator the iterator to remove and return elements from
941       * @return an iterator that removes and returns elements from the
942       *     supplied iterator
943       * @since 2
944       */
945      public static <T> Iterator<T> consumingIterator(final Iterator<T> iterator) {
946        checkNotNull(iterator);
947        return new UnmodifiableIterator<T>() {
948          @Override
949          public boolean hasNext() {
950            return iterator.hasNext();
951          }
952    
953          @Override
954          public T next() {
955            T next = iterator.next();
956            iterator.remove();
957            return next;
958          }
959        };
960      }
961    
962      // Methods only in Iterators, not in Iterables
963    
964      /**
965       * Returns an iterator containing the elements of {@code array} in order. The
966       * returned iterator is a view of the array; subsequent changes to the array
967       * will be reflected in the iterator.
968       *
969       * <p><b>Note:</b> It is often preferable to represent your data using a
970       * collection type, for example using {@link Arrays#asList(Object[])}, making
971       * this method unnecessary.
972       *
973       * <p>The {@code Iterable} equivalent of this method is either {@link
974       * Arrays#asList(Object[])}, {@link ImmutableList#copyOf(Object[])}},
975       * or {@link ImmutableList#of}.
976       */
977      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> forArray(final T... array) {
978        // TODO(kevinb): compare performance with Arrays.asList(array).iterator().
979        checkNotNull(array);  // eager for GWT.
980        return new AbstractIndexedListIterator<T>(array.length) {
981          @Override protected T get(int index) {
982            return array[index];
983          }
984        };
985      }
986    
987      /**
988       * Returns an iterator containing the elements in the specified range of
989       * {@code array} in order. The returned iterator is a view of the array;
990       * subsequent changes to the array will be reflected in the iterator.
991       *
992       * <p>The {@code Iterable} equivalent of this method is {@code
993       * Arrays.asList(array).subList(offset, offset + length)}.
994       *
995       * @param array array to read elements out of
996       * @param offset index of first array element to retrieve
997       * @param length number of elements in iteration
998       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code offset} is negative, {@code
999       *     length} is negative, or {@code offset + length > array.length}
1000       */
1001      static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> forArray(
1002          final T[] array, final int offset, int length) {
1003        checkArgument(length >= 0);
1004        int end = offset + length;
1005    
1006        // Technically we should give a slightly more descriptive error on overflow
1007        Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes(offset, end, array.length);
1008    
1009        /*
1010         * We can't use call the two-arg constructor with arguments (offset, end)
1011         * because the returned Iterator is a ListIterator that may be moved back
1012         * past the beginning of the iteration.
1013         */
1014        return new AbstractIndexedListIterator<T>(length) {
1015          @Override protected T get(int index) {
1016            return array[offset + index];
1017          }
1018        };
1019      }
1020    
1021      /**
1022       * Returns an iterator containing only {@code value}.
1023       *
1024       * <p>The {@link Iterable} equivalent of this method is {@link
1025       * Collections#singleton}.
1026       */
1027      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> singletonIterator(
1028          @Nullable final T value) {
1029        return new UnmodifiableIterator<T>() {
1030          boolean done;
1031          @Override
1032          public boolean hasNext() {
1033            return !done;
1034          }
1035          @Override
1036          public T next() {
1037            if (done) {
1038              throw new NoSuchElementException();
1039            }
1040            done = true;
1041            return value;
1042          }
1043        };
1044      }
1045    
1046      /**
1047       * Adapts an {@code Enumeration} to the {@code Iterator} interface.
1048       *
1049       * <p>This method has no equivalent in {@link Iterables} because viewing an
1050       * {@code Enumeration} as an {@code Iterable} is impossible. However, the
1051       * contents can be <i>copied</i> into a collection using {@link
1052       * Collections#list}.
1053       */
1054      public static <T> UnmodifiableIterator<T> forEnumeration(
1055          final Enumeration<T> enumeration) {
1056        checkNotNull(enumeration);
1057        return new UnmodifiableIterator<T>() {
1058          @Override
1059          public boolean hasNext() {
1060            return enumeration.hasMoreElements();
1061          }
1062          @Override
1063          public T next() {
1064            return enumeration.nextElement();
1065          }
1066        };
1067      }
1068    
1069      /**
1070       * Adapts an {@code Iterator} to the {@code Enumeration} interface.
1071       *
1072       * <p>The {@code Iterable} equivalent of this method is either {@link
1073       * Collections#enumeration} (if you have a {@link Collection}), or
1074       * {@code Iterators.asEnumeration(collection.iterator())}.
1075       */
1076      public static <T> Enumeration<T> asEnumeration(final Iterator<T> iterator) {
1077        checkNotNull(iterator);
1078        return new Enumeration<T>() {
1079          @Override
1080          public boolean hasMoreElements() {
1081            return iterator.hasNext();
1082          }
1083          @Override
1084          public T nextElement() {
1085            return iterator.next();
1086          }
1087        };
1088      }
1089    
1090      /**
1091       * Implementation of PeekingIterator that avoids peeking unless necessary.
1092       */
1093      private static class PeekingImpl<E> implements PeekingIterator<E> {
1094    
1095        private final Iterator<? extends E> iterator;
1096        private boolean hasPeeked;
1097        private E peekedElement;
1098    
1099        public PeekingImpl(Iterator<? extends E> iterator) {
1100          this.iterator = checkNotNull(iterator);
1101        }
1102    
1103        @Override
1104        public boolean hasNext() {
1105          return hasPeeked || iterator.hasNext();
1106        }
1107    
1108        @Override
1109        public E next() {
1110          if (!hasPeeked) {
1111            return iterator.next();
1112          }
1113          E result = peekedElement;
1114          hasPeeked = false;
1115          peekedElement = null;
1116          return result;
1117        }
1118    
1119        @Override
1120        public void remove() {
1121          checkState(!hasPeeked, "Can't remove after you've peeked at next");
1122          iterator.remove();
1123        }
1124    
1125        @Override
1126        public E peek() {
1127          if (!hasPeeked) {
1128            peekedElement = iterator.next();
1129            hasPeeked = true;
1130          }
1131          return peekedElement;
1132        }
1133      }
1134    
1135      /**
1136       * Returns a {@code PeekingIterator} backed by the given iterator.
1137       *
1138       * <p>Calls to the {@code peek} method with no intervening calls to {@code
1139       * next} do not affect the iteration, and hence return the same object each
1140       * time. A subsequent call to {@code next} is guaranteed to return the same
1141       * object again. For example: <pre>   {@code
1142       *
1143       *   PeekingIterator<String> peekingIterator =
1144       *       Iterators.peekingIterator(Iterators.forArray("a", "b"));
1145       *   String a1 = peekingIterator.peek(); // returns "a"
1146       *   String a2 = peekingIterator.peek(); // also returns "a"
1147       *   String a3 = peekingIterator.next(); // also returns "a"}</pre>
1148       *
1149       * Any structural changes to the underlying iteration (aside from those
1150       * performed by the iterator's own {@link PeekingIterator#remove()} method)
1151       * will leave the iterator in an undefined state.
1152       *
1153       * <p>The returned iterator does not support removal after peeking, as
1154       * explained by {@link PeekingIterator#remove()}.
1155       *
1156       * <p>Note: If the given iterator is already a {@code PeekingIterator},
1157       * it <i>might</i> be returned to the caller, although this is neither
1158       * guaranteed to occur nor required to be consistent.  For example, this
1159       * method <i>might</i> choose to pass through recognized implementations of
1160       * {@code PeekingIterator} when the behavior of the implementation is
1161       * known to meet the contract guaranteed by this method.
1162       *
1163       * <p>There is no {@link Iterable} equivalent to this method, so use this
1164       * method to wrap each individual iterator as it is generated.
1165       *
1166       * @param iterator the backing iterator. The {@link PeekingIterator} assumes
1167       *     ownership of this iterator, so users should cease making direct calls
1168       *     to it after calling this method.
1169       * @return a peeking iterator backed by that iterator. Apart from the
1170       *     additional {@link PeekingIterator#peek()} method, this iterator behaves
1171       *     exactly the same as {@code iterator}.
1172       */
1173      public static <T> PeekingIterator<T> peekingIterator(
1174          Iterator<? extends T> iterator) {
1175        if (iterator instanceof PeekingImpl) {
1176          // Safe to cast <? extends T> to <T> because PeekingImpl only uses T
1177          // covariantly (and cannot be subclassed to add non-covariant uses).
1178          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1179          PeekingImpl<T> peeking = (PeekingImpl<T>) iterator;
1180          return peeking;
1181        }
1182        return new PeekingImpl<T>(iterator);
1183      }
1184    }