001/*
002 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Guava Authors
003 *
004 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
005 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
006 *
007 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
008 *
009 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
010 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
011 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
012 * the License.
013 */
014
015package com.google.common.net;
016
017import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
018import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
019import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
020import java.net.InetAddress;
021import java.text.ParseException;
022import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.compatqual.NullableDecl;
023
024/**
025 * A syntactically valid host specifier, suitable for use in a URI. This may be either a numeric IP
026 * address in IPv4 or IPv6 notation, or a domain name.
027 *
028 * <p>Because this class is intended to represent host specifiers which can reasonably be used in a
029 * URI, the domain name case is further restricted to include only those domain names which end in a
030 * recognized public suffix; see {@link InternetDomainName#isPublicSuffix()} for details.
031 *
032 * <p>Note that no network lookups are performed by any {@code HostSpecifier} methods. No attempt is
033 * made to verify that a provided specifier corresponds to a real or accessible host. Only syntactic
034 * and pattern-based checks are performed.
035 *
036 * <p>If you know that a given string represents a numeric IP address, use {@link InetAddresses} to
037 * obtain and manipulate a {@link java.net.InetAddress} instance from it rather than using this
038 * class. Similarly, if you know that a given string represents a domain name, use {@link
039 * InternetDomainName} rather than this class.
040 *
041 * @author Craig Berry
042 * @since 5.0
043 */
044@Beta
045@GwtIncompatible
046public final class HostSpecifier {
047
048  private final String canonicalForm;
049
050  private HostSpecifier(String canonicalForm) {
051    this.canonicalForm = canonicalForm;
052  }
053
054  /**
055   * Returns a {@code HostSpecifier} built from the provided {@code specifier}, which is already
056   * known to be valid. If the {@code specifier} might be invalid, use {@link #from(String)}
057   * instead.
058   *
059   * <p>The specifier must be in one of these formats:
060   *
061   * <ul>
062   *   <li>A domain name, like {@code google.com}
063   *   <li>A IPv4 address string, like {@code 127.0.0.1}
064   *   <li>An IPv6 address string with or without brackets, like {@code [2001:db8::1]} or {@code
065   *       2001:db8::1}
066   * </ul>
067   *
068   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specifier is not valid.
069   */
070  public static HostSpecifier fromValid(String specifier) {
071    // Verify that no port was specified, and strip optional brackets from
072    // IPv6 literals.
073    final HostAndPort parsedHost = HostAndPort.fromString(specifier);
074    Preconditions.checkArgument(!parsedHost.hasPort());
075    final String host = parsedHost.getHost();
076
077    // Try to interpret the specifier as an IP address. Note we build
078    // the address rather than using the .is* methods because we want to
079    // use InetAddresses.toUriString to convert the result to a string in
080    // canonical form.
081    InetAddress addr = null;
082    try {
083      addr = InetAddresses.forString(host);
084    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
085      // It is not an IPv4 or IPv6 literal
086    }
087
088    if (addr != null) {
089      return new HostSpecifier(InetAddresses.toUriString(addr));
090    }
091
092    // It is not any kind of IP address; must be a domain name or invalid.
093
094    // TODO(user): different versions of this for different factories?
095    final InternetDomainName domain = InternetDomainName.from(host);
096
097    if (domain.hasPublicSuffix()) {
098      return new HostSpecifier(domain.toString());
099    }
100
101    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
102        "Domain name does not have a recognized public suffix: " + host);
103  }
104
105  /**
106   * Attempts to return a {@code HostSpecifier} for the given string, throwing an exception if
107   * parsing fails. Always use this method in preference to {@link #fromValid(String)} for a
108   * specifier that is not already known to be valid.
109   *
110   * @throws ParseException if the specifier is not valid.
111   */
112  public static HostSpecifier from(String specifier) throws ParseException {
113    try {
114      return fromValid(specifier);
115    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
116      // Since the IAE can originate at several different points inside
117      // fromValid(), we implement this method in terms of that one rather
118      // than the reverse.
119
120      ParseException parseException = new ParseException("Invalid host specifier: " + specifier, 0);
121      parseException.initCause(e);
122      throw parseException;
123    }
124  }
125
126  /**
127   * Determines whether {@code specifier} represents a valid {@link HostSpecifier} as described in
128   * the documentation for {@link #fromValid(String)}.
129   */
130  public static boolean isValid(String specifier) {
131    try {
132      fromValid(specifier);
133      return true;
134    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
135      return false;
136    }
137  }
138
139  @Override
140  public boolean equals(@NullableDecl Object other) {
141    if (this == other) {
142      return true;
143    }
144
145    if (other instanceof HostSpecifier) {
146      final HostSpecifier that = (HostSpecifier) other;
147      return this.canonicalForm.equals(that.canonicalForm);
148    }
149
150    return false;
151  }
152
153  @Override
154  public int hashCode() {
155    return canonicalForm.hashCode();
156  }
157
158  /**
159   * Returns a string representation of the host specifier suitable for inclusion in a URI. If the
160   * host specifier is a domain name, the string will be normalized to all lower case. If the
161   * specifier was an IPv6 address without brackets, brackets are added so that the result will be
162   * usable in the host part of a URI.
163   */
164  @Override
165  public String toString() {
166    return canonicalForm;
167  }
168}