/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Predicates.compose;
import static com.google.common.base.Predicates.in;
import static com.google.common.base.Predicates.not;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps.IteratorBasedAbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.NavigableMap;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * An implementation of {@code RangeMap} based on a {@code TreeMap}, supporting
 * all optional operations.
 *
 * <p>Like all {@code RangeMap} implementations, this supports neither null
 * keys nor null values.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 14.0
 */
@Beta
@GwtIncompatible // NavigableMap
public final class TreeRangeMap<K extends Comparable, V> implements RangeMap<K, V> {

  private final NavigableMap<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> entriesByLowerBound;

  public static <K extends Comparable, V> TreeRangeMap<K, V> create() {
    return new TreeRangeMap<>();
  }

  private TreeRangeMap() {
    this.entriesByLowerBound = Maps.newTreeMap();
  }

  private static final class RangeMapEntry<K extends Comparable, V>
      extends AbstractMapEntry<Range<K>, V> {
    private final Range<K> range;
    private final V value;

    RangeMapEntry(Cut<K> lowerBound, Cut<K> upperBound, V value) {
      this(Range.create(lowerBound, upperBound), value);
    }

    RangeMapEntry(Range<K> range, V value) {
      this.range = range;
      this.value = value;
    }

    @Override
    public Range<K> getKey() {
      return range;
    }

    @Override
    public V getValue() {
      return value;
    }

    public boolean contains(K value) {
      return range.contains(value);
    }

    Cut<K> getLowerBound() {
      return range.lowerBound;
    }

    Cut<K> getUpperBound() {
      return range.upperBound;
    }
  }

  @Override
  @Nullable
  public V get(K key) {
    Entry<Range<K>, V> entry = getEntry(key);
    return (entry == null) ? null : entry.getValue();
  }

  @Override
  @Nullable
  public Entry<Range<K>, V> getEntry(K key) {
    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> mapEntry =
        entriesByLowerBound.floorEntry(Cut.belowValue(key));
    if (mapEntry != null && mapEntry.getValue().contains(key)) {
      return mapEntry.getValue();
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void put(Range<K> range, V value) {
    // don't short-circuit if the range is empty - it may be between two ranges we can coalesce.
    if (!range.isEmpty()) {
      checkNotNull(value);
      remove(range);
      entriesByLowerBound.put(range.lowerBound, new RangeMapEntry<K, V>(range, value));
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void putCoalescing(Range<K> range, V value) {
    if (entriesByLowerBound.isEmpty()) {
      put(range, value);
      return;
    }

    Range<K> coalescedRange = coalescedRange(range, checkNotNull(value));
    put(coalescedRange, value);
  }

  /** Computes the coalesced range for the given range+value - does not mutate the map. */
  private Range<K> coalescedRange(Range<K> range, V value) {
    Range<K> coalescedRange = range;
    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> lowerEntry =
        entriesByLowerBound.lowerEntry(range.lowerBound);
    coalescedRange = coalesce(coalescedRange, value, lowerEntry);

    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> higherEntry =
        entriesByLowerBound.floorEntry(range.upperBound);
    coalescedRange = coalesce(coalescedRange, value, higherEntry);

    return coalescedRange;
  }

  /** Returns the range that spans the given range and entry, if the entry can be coalesced. */
  private static <K extends Comparable, V> Range<K> coalesce(
      Range<K> range, V value, @Nullable Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> entry) {
    if (entry != null
        && entry.getValue().getKey().isConnected(range)
        && entry.getValue().getValue().equals(value)) {
      return range.span(entry.getValue().getKey());
    }
    return range;
  }

  @Override
  public void putAll(RangeMap<K, V> rangeMap) {
    for (Entry<Range<K>, V> entry : rangeMap.asMapOfRanges().entrySet()) {
      put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void clear() {
    entriesByLowerBound.clear();
  }

  @Override
  public Range<K> span() {
    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> firstEntry = entriesByLowerBound.firstEntry();
    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> lastEntry = entriesByLowerBound.lastEntry();
    if (firstEntry == null) {
      throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }
    return Range.create(
        firstEntry.getValue().getKey().lowerBound, lastEntry.getValue().getKey().upperBound);
  }

  private void putRangeMapEntry(Cut<K> lowerBound, Cut<K> upperBound, V value) {
    entriesByLowerBound.put(lowerBound, new RangeMapEntry<K, V>(lowerBound, upperBound, value));
  }

  @Override
  public void remove(Range<K> rangeToRemove) {
    if (rangeToRemove.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }

    /*
     * The comments for this method will use [ ] to indicate the bounds of rangeToRemove and ( ) to
     * indicate the bounds of ranges in the range map.
     */
    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> mapEntryBelowToTruncate =
        entriesByLowerBound.lowerEntry(rangeToRemove.lowerBound);
    if (mapEntryBelowToTruncate != null) {
      // we know ( [
      RangeMapEntry<K, V> rangeMapEntry = mapEntryBelowToTruncate.getValue();
      if (rangeMapEntry.getUpperBound().compareTo(rangeToRemove.lowerBound) > 0) {
        // we know ( [ )
        if (rangeMapEntry.getUpperBound().compareTo(rangeToRemove.upperBound) > 0) {
          // we know ( [ ] ), so insert the range ] ) back into the map --
          // it's being split apart
          putRangeMapEntry(
              rangeToRemove.upperBound,
              rangeMapEntry.getUpperBound(),
              mapEntryBelowToTruncate.getValue().getValue());
        }
        // overwrite mapEntryToTruncateBelow with a truncated range
        putRangeMapEntry(
            rangeMapEntry.getLowerBound(),
            rangeToRemove.lowerBound,
            mapEntryBelowToTruncate.getValue().getValue());
      }
    }

    Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> mapEntryAboveToTruncate =
        entriesByLowerBound.lowerEntry(rangeToRemove.upperBound);
    if (mapEntryAboveToTruncate != null) {
      // we know ( ]
      RangeMapEntry<K, V> rangeMapEntry = mapEntryAboveToTruncate.getValue();
      if (rangeMapEntry.getUpperBound().compareTo(rangeToRemove.upperBound) > 0) {
        // we know ( ] ), and since we dealt with truncating below already,
        // we know [ ( ] )
        putRangeMapEntry(
            rangeToRemove.upperBound,
            rangeMapEntry.getUpperBound(),
            mapEntryAboveToTruncate.getValue().getValue());
      }
    }
    entriesByLowerBound.subMap(rangeToRemove.lowerBound, rangeToRemove.upperBound).clear();
  }

  @Override
  public Map<Range<K>, V> asMapOfRanges() {
    return new AsMapOfRanges(entriesByLowerBound.values());
  }

  @Override
  public Map<Range<K>, V> asDescendingMapOfRanges() {
    return new AsMapOfRanges(entriesByLowerBound.descendingMap().values());
  }

  private final class AsMapOfRanges extends IteratorBasedAbstractMap<Range<K>, V> {

    final Iterable<Entry<Range<K>, V>> entryIterable;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // it's safe to upcast iterables
    AsMapOfRanges(Iterable<RangeMapEntry<K, V>> entryIterable) {
      this.entryIterable = (Iterable) entryIterable;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsKey(@Nullable Object key) {
      return get(key) != null;
    }

    @Override
    public V get(@Nullable Object key) {
      if (key instanceof Range) {
        Range<?> range = (Range<?>) key;
        RangeMapEntry<K, V> rangeMapEntry = entriesByLowerBound.get(range.lowerBound);
        if (rangeMapEntry != null && rangeMapEntry.getKey().equals(range)) {
          return rangeMapEntry.getValue();
        }
      }
      return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
      return entriesByLowerBound.size();
    }

    @Override
    Iterator<Entry<Range<K>, V>> entryIterator() {
      return entryIterable.iterator();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public RangeMap<K, V> subRangeMap(Range<K> subRange) {
    if (subRange.equals(Range.all())) {
      return this;
    } else {
      return new SubRangeMap(subRange);
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private RangeMap<K, V> emptySubRangeMap() {
    return EMPTY_SUB_RANGE_MAP;
  }

  private static final RangeMap EMPTY_SUB_RANGE_MAP =
      new RangeMap() {
        @Override
        @Nullable
        public Object get(Comparable key) {
          return null;
        }

        @Override
        @Nullable
        public Entry<Range, Object> getEntry(Comparable key) {
          return null;
        }

        @Override
        public Range span() {
          throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }

        @Override
        public void put(Range range, Object value) {
          checkNotNull(range);
          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
              "Cannot insert range " + range + " into an empty subRangeMap");
        }

        @Override
        public void putCoalescing(Range range, Object value) {
          checkNotNull(range);
          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
              "Cannot insert range " + range + " into an empty subRangeMap");
        }

        @Override
        public void putAll(RangeMap rangeMap) {
          if (!rangeMap.asMapOfRanges().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Cannot putAll(nonEmptyRangeMap) into an empty subRangeMap");
          }
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {}

        @Override
        public void remove(Range range) {
          checkNotNull(range);
        }

        @Override
        public Map<Range, Object> asMapOfRanges() {
          return Collections.emptyMap();
        }

        @Override
        public Map<Range, Object> asDescendingMapOfRanges() {
          return Collections.emptyMap();
        }

        @Override
        public RangeMap subRangeMap(Range range) {
          checkNotNull(range);
          return this;
        }
      };

  private class SubRangeMap implements RangeMap<K, V> {

    private final Range<K> subRange;

    SubRangeMap(Range<K> subRange) {
      this.subRange = subRange;
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public V get(K key) {
      return subRange.contains(key) ? TreeRangeMap.this.get(key) : null;
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public Entry<Range<K>, V> getEntry(K key) {
      if (subRange.contains(key)) {
        Entry<Range<K>, V> entry = TreeRangeMap.this.getEntry(key);
        if (entry != null) {
          return Maps.immutableEntry(entry.getKey().intersection(subRange), entry.getValue());
        }
      }
      return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Range<K> span() {
      Cut<K> lowerBound;
      Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> lowerEntry =
          entriesByLowerBound.floorEntry(subRange.lowerBound);
      if (lowerEntry != null
          && lowerEntry.getValue().getUpperBound().compareTo(subRange.lowerBound) > 0) {
        lowerBound = subRange.lowerBound;
      } else {
        lowerBound = entriesByLowerBound.ceilingKey(subRange.lowerBound);
        if (lowerBound == null || lowerBound.compareTo(subRange.upperBound) >= 0) {
          throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
      }

      Cut<K> upperBound;
      Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> upperEntry =
          entriesByLowerBound.lowerEntry(subRange.upperBound);
      if (upperEntry == null) {
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
      } else if (upperEntry.getValue().getUpperBound().compareTo(subRange.upperBound) >= 0) {
        upperBound = subRange.upperBound;
      } else {
        upperBound = upperEntry.getValue().getUpperBound();
      }
      return Range.create(lowerBound, upperBound);
    }

    @Override
    public void put(Range<K> range, V value) {
      checkArgument(
          subRange.encloses(range), "Cannot put range %s into a subRangeMap(%s)", range, subRange);
      TreeRangeMap.this.put(range, value);
    }

    @Override
    public void putCoalescing(Range<K> range, V value) {
      if (entriesByLowerBound.isEmpty() || range.isEmpty() || !subRange.encloses(range)) {
        put(range, value);
        return;
      }

      Range<K> coalescedRange = coalescedRange(range, checkNotNull(value));
      // only coalesce ranges within the subRange
      put(coalescedRange.intersection(subRange), value);
    }

    @Override
    public void putAll(RangeMap<K, V> rangeMap) {
      if (rangeMap.asMapOfRanges().isEmpty()) {
        return;
      }
      Range<K> span = rangeMap.span();
      checkArgument(
          subRange.encloses(span),
          "Cannot putAll rangeMap with span %s into a subRangeMap(%s)",
          span,
          subRange);
      TreeRangeMap.this.putAll(rangeMap);
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
      TreeRangeMap.this.remove(subRange);
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(Range<K> range) {
      if (range.isConnected(subRange)) {
        TreeRangeMap.this.remove(range.intersection(subRange));
      }
    }

    @Override
    public RangeMap<K, V> subRangeMap(Range<K> range) {
      if (!range.isConnected(subRange)) {
        return emptySubRangeMap();
      } else {
        return TreeRangeMap.this.subRangeMap(range.intersection(subRange));
      }
    }

    @Override
    public Map<Range<K>, V> asMapOfRanges() {
      return new SubRangeMapAsMap();
    }

    @Override
    public Map<Range<K>, V> asDescendingMapOfRanges() {
      return new SubRangeMapAsMap() {

        @Override
        Iterator<Entry<Range<K>, V>> entryIterator() {
          if (subRange.isEmpty()) {
            return Iterators.emptyIterator();
          }
          final Iterator<RangeMapEntry<K, V>> backingItr =
              entriesByLowerBound
                  .headMap(subRange.upperBound, false)
                  .descendingMap()
                  .values()
                  .iterator();
          return new AbstractIterator<Entry<Range<K>, V>>() {

            @Override
            protected Entry<Range<K>, V> computeNext() {
              if (backingItr.hasNext()) {
                RangeMapEntry<K, V> entry = backingItr.next();
                if (entry.getUpperBound().compareTo(subRange.lowerBound) <= 0) {
                  return endOfData();
                }
                return Maps.immutableEntry(entry.getKey().intersection(subRange), entry.getValue());
              }
              return endOfData();
            }
          };
        }
      };
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
      if (o instanceof RangeMap) {
        RangeMap<?, ?> rangeMap = (RangeMap<?, ?>) o;
        return asMapOfRanges().equals(rangeMap.asMapOfRanges());
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return asMapOfRanges().hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return asMapOfRanges().toString();
    }

    class SubRangeMapAsMap extends AbstractMap<Range<K>, V> {

      @Override
      public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        return get(key) != null;
      }

      @Override
      public V get(Object key) {
        try {
          if (key instanceof Range) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // we catch ClassCastExceptions
            Range<K> r = (Range<K>) key;
            if (!subRange.encloses(r) || r.isEmpty()) {
              return null;
            }
            RangeMapEntry<K, V> candidate = null;
            if (r.lowerBound.compareTo(subRange.lowerBound) == 0) {
              // r could be truncated on the left
              Entry<Cut<K>, RangeMapEntry<K, V>> entry =
                  entriesByLowerBound.floorEntry(r.lowerBound);
              if (entry != null) {
                candidate = entry.getValue();
              }
            } else {
              candidate = entriesByLowerBound.get(r.lowerBound);
            }

            if (candidate != null
                && candidate.getKey().isConnected(subRange)
                && candidate.getKey().intersection(subRange).equals(r)) {
              return candidate.getValue();
            }
          }
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
          return null;
        }
        return null;
      }

      @Override
      public V remove(Object key) {
        V value = get(key);
        if (value != null) {
          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // it's definitely in the map, so safe
          Range<K> range = (Range<K>) key;
          TreeRangeMap.this.remove(range);
          return value;
        }
        return null;
      }

      @Override
      public void clear() {
        SubRangeMap.this.clear();
      }

      private boolean removeEntryIf(Predicate<? super Entry<Range<K>, V>> predicate) {
        List<Range<K>> toRemove = Lists.newArrayList();
        for (Entry<Range<K>, V> entry : entrySet()) {
          if (predicate.apply(entry)) {
            toRemove.add(entry.getKey());
          }
        }
        for (Range<K> range : toRemove) {
          TreeRangeMap.this.remove(range);
        }
        return !toRemove.isEmpty();
      }

      @Override
      public Set<Range<K>> keySet() {
        return new Maps.KeySet<Range<K>, V>(SubRangeMapAsMap.this) {
          @Override
          public boolean remove(@Nullable Object o) {
            return SubRangeMapAsMap.this.remove(o) != null;
          }

          @Override
          public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return removeEntryIf(compose(not(in(c)), Maps.<Range<K>>keyFunction()));
          }
        };
      }

      @Override
      public Set<Entry<Range<K>, V>> entrySet() {
        return new Maps.EntrySet<Range<K>, V>() {
          @Override
          Map<Range<K>, V> map() {
            return SubRangeMapAsMap.this;
          }

          @Override
          public Iterator<Entry<Range<K>, V>> iterator() {
            return entryIterator();
          }

          @Override
          public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return removeEntryIf(not(in(c)));
          }

          @Override
          public int size() {
            return Iterators.size(iterator());
          }

          @Override
          public boolean isEmpty() {
            return !iterator().hasNext();
          }
        };
      }

      Iterator<Entry<Range<K>, V>> entryIterator() {
        if (subRange.isEmpty()) {
          return Iterators.emptyIterator();
        }
        Cut<K> cutToStart =
            MoreObjects.firstNonNull(
                entriesByLowerBound.floorKey(subRange.lowerBound), subRange.lowerBound);
        final Iterator<RangeMapEntry<K, V>> backingItr =
            entriesByLowerBound.tailMap(cutToStart, true).values().iterator();
        return new AbstractIterator<Entry<Range<K>, V>>() {

          @Override
          protected Entry<Range<K>, V> computeNext() {
            while (backingItr.hasNext()) {
              RangeMapEntry<K, V> entry = backingItr.next();
              if (entry.getLowerBound().compareTo(subRange.upperBound) >= 0) {
                return endOfData();
              } else if (entry.getUpperBound().compareTo(subRange.lowerBound) > 0) {
                // this might not be true e.g. at the start of the iteration
                return Maps.immutableEntry(entry.getKey().intersection(subRange), entry.getValue());
              }
            }
            return endOfData();
          }
        };
      }

      @Override
      public Collection<V> values() {
        return new Maps.Values<Range<K>, V>(this) {
          @Override
          public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return removeEntryIf(compose(in(c), Maps.<V>valueFunction()));
          }

          @Override
          public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return removeEntryIf(compose(not(in(c)), Maps.<V>valueFunction()));
          }
        };
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
    if (o instanceof RangeMap) {
      RangeMap<?, ?> rangeMap = (RangeMap<?, ?>) o;
      return asMapOfRanges().equals(rangeMap.asMapOfRanges());
    }
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return asMapOfRanges().hashCode();
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return entriesByLowerBound.values().toString();
  }
}