/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.util.concurrent;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

/**
 * A map containing {@code long} values that can be atomically updated. While writes to a
 * traditional {@code Map} rely on {@code put(K, V)}, the typical mechanism for writing to this map
 * is {@code addAndGet(K, long)}, which adds a {@code long} to the value currently associated with
 * {@code K}. If a key has not yet been associated with a value, its implicit value is zero.
 *
 * <p>Most methods in this class treat absent values and zero values identically, as individually
 * documented. Exceptions to this are {@link #containsKey}, {@link #size}, {@link #isEmpty},
 * {@link #asMap}, and {@link #toString}.
 *
 * <p>Instances of this class may be used by multiple threads concurrently. All operations are
 * atomic unless otherwise noted.
 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> If your values are always positive and less than 2^31, you may wish to use a
 * {@link com.google.common.collect.Multiset} such as
 * {@link com.google.common.collect.ConcurrentHashMultiset} instead.
 *
 * <b>Warning:</b> Unlike {@code Multiset}, entries whose values are zero are not automatically
 * removed from the map. Instead they must be removed manually with {@link #removeAllZeros}.
 *
 * @author Charles Fry
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class AtomicLongMap<K> {
  private final ConcurrentHashMap<K, AtomicLong> map;

  private AtomicLongMap(ConcurrentHashMap<K, AtomicLong> map) {
    this.map = checkNotNull(map);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an {@code AtomicLongMap}.
   */
  public static <K> AtomicLongMap<K> create() {
    return new AtomicLongMap<K>(new ConcurrentHashMap<K, AtomicLong>());
  }

  /**
   * Creates an {@code AtomicLongMap} with the same mappings as the specified {@code Map}.
   */
  public static <K> AtomicLongMap<K> create(Map<? extends K, ? extends Long> m) {
    AtomicLongMap<K> result = create();
    result.putAll(m);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value associated with {@code key}, or zero if there is no value associated with
   * {@code key}.
   */
  public long get(K key) {
    AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
    return atomic == null ? 0L : atomic.get();
  }

  /**
   * Increments by one the value currently associated with {@code key}, and returns the new value.
   */
  public long incrementAndGet(K key) {
    return addAndGet(key, 1);
  }

  /**
   * Decrements by one the value currently associated with {@code key}, and returns the new value.
   */
  public long decrementAndGet(K key) {
    return addAndGet(key, -1);
  }

  /**
   * Adds {@code delta} to the value currently associated with {@code key}, and returns the new
   * value.
   */
  public long addAndGet(K key, long delta) {
    outer: for (;;) {
      AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
      if (atomic == null) {
        atomic = map.putIfAbsent(key, new AtomicLong(delta));
        if (atomic == null) {
          return delta;
        }
        // atomic is now non-null; fall through
      }

      for (;;) {
        long oldValue = atomic.get();
        if (oldValue == 0L) {
          // don't compareAndSet a zero
          if (map.replace(key, atomic, new AtomicLong(delta))) {
            return delta;
          }
          // atomic replaced
          continue outer;
        }

        long newValue = oldValue + delta;
        if (atomic.compareAndSet(oldValue, newValue)) {
          return newValue;
        }
        // value changed
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Increments by one the value currently associated with {@code key}, and returns the old value.
   */
  public long getAndIncrement(K key) {
    return getAndAdd(key, 1);
  }

  /**
   * Decrements by one the value currently associated with {@code key}, and returns the old value.
   */
  public long getAndDecrement(K key) {
    return getAndAdd(key, -1);
  }

  /**
   * Adds {@code delta} to the value currently associated with {@code key}, and returns the old
   * value.
   */
  public long getAndAdd(K key, long delta) {
    outer: for (;;) {
      AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
      if (atomic == null) {
        atomic = map.putIfAbsent(key, new AtomicLong(delta));
        if (atomic == null) {
          return 0L;
        }
        // atomic is now non-null; fall through
      }

      for (;;) {
        long oldValue = atomic.get();
        if (oldValue == 0L) {
          // don't compareAndSet a zero
          if (map.replace(key, atomic, new AtomicLong(delta))) {
            return 0L;
          }
          // atomic replaced
          continue outer;
        }

        long newValue = oldValue + delta;
        if (atomic.compareAndSet(oldValue, newValue)) {
          return oldValue;
        }
        // value changed
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Associates {@code newValue} with {@code key} in this map, and returns the value previously
   * associated with {@code key}, or zero if there was no such value.
   */
  public long put(K key, long newValue) {
    outer: for (;;) {
      AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
      if (atomic == null) {
        atomic = map.putIfAbsent(key, new AtomicLong(newValue));
        if (atomic == null) {
          return 0L;
        }
        // atomic is now non-null; fall through
      }

      for (;;) {
        long oldValue = atomic.get();
        if (oldValue == 0L) {
          // don't compareAndSet a zero
          if (map.replace(key, atomic, new AtomicLong(newValue))) {
            return 0L;
          }
          // atomic replaced
          continue outer;
        }

        if (atomic.compareAndSet(oldValue, newValue)) {
          return oldValue;
        }
        // value changed
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map. The effect of this call is
   * equivalent to that of calling {@code put(k, v)} on this map once for each mapping from key
   * {@code k} to value {@code v} in the specified map. The behavior of this operation is undefined
   * if the specified map is modified while the operation is in progress.
   */
  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends Long> m) {
    for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends Long> entry : m.entrySet()) {
      put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes and returns the value associated with {@code key}. If {@code key} is not
   * in the map, this method has no effect and returns zero.
   */
  public long remove(K key) {
    AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
    if (atomic == null) {
      return 0L;
    }

    for (;;) {
      long oldValue = atomic.get();
      if (oldValue == 0L || atomic.compareAndSet(oldValue, 0L)) {
        // only remove after setting to zero, to avoid concurrent updates
        map.remove(key, atomic);
        // succeed even if the remove fails, since the value was already adjusted
        return oldValue;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes all mappings from this map whose values are zero.
   *
   * <p>This method is not atomic: the map may be visible in intermediate states, where some
   * of the zero values have been removed and others have not.
   */
  public void removeAllZeros() {
    Iterator<Map.Entry<K, AtomicLong>> entryIterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
    while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
      Map.Entry<K, AtomicLong> entry = entryIterator.next();
      AtomicLong atomic = entry.getValue();
      if (atomic != null && atomic.get() == 0L) {
        entryIterator.remove();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the sum of all values in this map.
   *
   * <p>This method is not atomic: the sum may or may not include other concurrent operations.
   */
  public long sum() {
    long sum = 0L;
    for (AtomicLong value : map.values()) {
      sum = sum + value.get();
    }
    return sum;
  }

  private transient Map<K, Long> asMap;

  /**
   * Returns a live, read-only view of the map backing this {@code AtomicLongMap}.
   */
  public Map<K, Long> asMap() {
    Map<K, Long> result = asMap;
    return (result == null) ? asMap = createAsMap() : result;
  }

  private Map<K, Long> createAsMap() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(
        Maps.transformValues(map, new Function<AtomicLong, Long>() {
          @Override
          public Long apply(AtomicLong atomic) {
            return atomic.get();
          }
        }));
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
   */
  public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
    return map.containsKey(key);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. If the map contains more than
   * {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} elements, returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
   */
  public int size() {
    return map.size();
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if this map contains no key-value mappings.
   */
  public boolean isEmpty() {
    return map.isEmpty();
  }

  /**
   * Removes all of the mappings from this map. The map will be empty after this call returns.
   *
   * <p>This method is not atomic: the map may not be empty after returning if there were concurrent
   * writes.
   */
  public void clear() {
    map.clear();
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return map.toString();
  }

  /*
   * ConcurrentMap operations which we may eventually add.
   *
   * The problem with these is that remove(K, long) has to be done in two phases by definition ---
   * first decrementing to zero, and then removing. putIfAbsent or replace could observe the
   * intermediate zero-state. Ways we could deal with this are:
   *
   * - Don't define any of the ConcurrentMap operations. This is the current state of affairs.
   *
   * - Define putIfAbsent and replace as treating zero and absent identically (as currently
   *   implemented below). This is a bit surprising with putIfAbsent, which really becomes
   *   putIfZero.
   *
   * - Allow putIfAbsent and replace to distinguish between zero and absent, but don't implement
   *   remove(K, long). Without any two-phase operations it becomes feasible for all remaining
   *   operations to distinguish between zero and absent. If we do this, then perhaps we should add
   *   replace(key, long).
   *
   * - Introduce a special-value private static final AtomicLong that would have the meaning of
   *   removal-in-progress, and rework all operations to properly distinguish between zero and
   *   absent.
   */

  /**
   * If {@code key} is not already associated with a value or if {@code key} is associated with
   * zero, associate it with {@code newValue}. Returns the previous value associated with
   * {@code key}, or zero if there was no mapping for {@code key}.
   */
  long putIfAbsent(K key, long newValue) {
    for (;;) {
      AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
      if (atomic == null) {
        atomic = map.putIfAbsent(key, new AtomicLong(newValue));
        if (atomic == null) {
          return 0L;
        }
        // atomic is now non-null; fall through
      }

      long oldValue = atomic.get();
      if (oldValue == 0L) {
        // don't compareAndSet a zero
        if (map.replace(key, atomic, new AtomicLong(newValue))) {
          return 0L;
        }
        // atomic replaced
        continue;
      }

      return oldValue;
    }
  }

  /**
   * If {@code (key, expectedOldValue)} is currently in the map, this method replaces
   * {@code expectedOldValue} with {@code newValue} and returns true; otherwise, this method
   * returns false.
   *
   * <p>If {@code expectedOldValue} is zero, this method will succeed if {@code (key, zero)}
   * is currently in the map, or if {@code key} is not in the map at all.
   */
  boolean replace(K key, long expectedOldValue, long newValue) {
    if (expectedOldValue == 0L) {
      return putIfAbsent(key, newValue) == 0L;
    } else {
      AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
      return (atomic == null) ? false : atomic.compareAndSet(expectedOldValue, newValue);
    }
  }

  /**
   * If {@code (key, value)} is currently in the map, this method removes it and returns
   * true; otherwise, this method returns false.
   */
  boolean remove(K key, long value) {
    AtomicLong atomic = map.get(key);
    if (atomic == null) {
      return false;
    }

    long oldValue = atomic.get();
    if (oldValue != value) {
      return false;
    }

    if (oldValue == 0L || atomic.compareAndSet(oldValue, 0L)) {
      // only remove after setting to zero, to avoid concurrent updates
      map.remove(key, atomic);
      // succeed even if the remove fails, since the value was already adjusted
      return true;
    }

    // value changed
    return false;
  }

}